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Multiple-methods approaches to discourse topic structure

话语主题结构的多种方法

基本信息

批准号：
ES/J005711/1
负责人：
Margaret Zellers
金额：
$ 7.43万
依托单位：
University of York
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FJ005711%2F1
关键词：
Multiple methods approaches discourse topic

项目摘要

It is well known that people convey meaning in conversation not only with their choice of words, but also with the use of prosody: variations in pitch, loudness, and other characteristics of the sounds which can create different shades of meaning or even convey the opposite of what the words alone might suggest.Current research on how prosody contributes to and/or conveys meaning in conversation suffers from fragmentation between approaches. Research in experimental phonology has identified common structural patterns for the ways pitch (i.e. intonation) and other prosodic characteristics are consistently used within languages, with an attempt to describe how these patterns map to consistent shades of meaning despite the varying lexical context in which they appear. Psycholinguistic studies have investigated the ways in which variations in prosody affect how listeners understand what they hear on a moment-to-moment basis. Studies in the perspective of Conversation Analysis (CA)/Phonetics of Talk-in-Interaction have described in great qualitative detail the ways in which prosodic variation is consistent across similar conversational functions, again with different content. However, these different research perspectives often operate independently of one another. Notably, phonetics-in-interaction research tends to neglect the quantitative aspect apparent in phonetic and psycholinguistic investigations and the attribution of an underlying abstract structure provided by intonational phonology, while phonological and psycholinguistic investigations often ignore the effects of a rich conversational context on the variation they observe.Experiments carried out as part of my doctoral studies have investigated the role of prosodic variation in signalling topic change in spoken language, bringing together methods from phonetics, intonational phonology, and psycholinguistics. I have already begun communicating this research through participation in a variety of national and international conferences, and I have recently submitted a journal publication reporting some of these results.With this fellowship, I intend to continue this interdisciplinary approach, bringing together my previous experimental findings with the detailed qualitative approach used in CA/Phonetics of Talk-in-Interaction. During the fellowship year, I would like to gain further training in CA techniques and apply them to my doctoral research. First, I intend to compare the findings of my controlled phonetic production experiment on topic change to the CA findings on similar interactional functions, in order to identify useful points of contact between intonation-phonological theory and CA. Second, I plan to pilot a perceptual experiment combining psycholinguistic methods with conversational data, following up an experiment conducted on more controlled data during my PhD research.My research is of particular relevance to researchers working in the fields of intonational phonetics and phonology, psycholinguistics, and CA, by providing an interdisciplinary approach to a subject of interest to all of these groups. The use of multiple methods to investigate prosodic variation provides a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of the use of these phenomena in a variety of linguistic contexts and to bring together approaches which have historically been somewhat isolated from one another. The wider question of the means by which speakers and listeners share meaning in conversation may also interest anyone curious about cognition, human behaviour and interaction, and communication in general. My priorities for the period of the fellowship are as follows: (1) to continue my interdisciplinary approach to the role of prosody in communication by expanding my knowledge in the field of CA, (2) to disseminate the results of my doctoral research through publications and conference attendance, and (3) to write a large-scale grant to support further research.

众所周知，人们在谈话中不仅通过词语的选择来传达意义，而且还通过韵律的使用来传达意义。韵律是指声音的音高、音量和其他特征的变化，它们可以产生不同的意义，甚至可以传达与词语本身所暗示的相反的意思。实验音系学的研究已经确定了音高（即语调）和其他韵律特征在语言中一致使用的方式的共同结构模式，并试图描述这些模式如何映射到一致的意义阴影，尽管它们出现在不同的词汇语境中。心理语言学研究已经调查了韵律的变化如何影响听者对他们所听到的每时每刻的理解。从会话分析/语音学的角度对韵律变化在类似会话功能中的一致性进行了详细的定性描述，同样具有不同的内容。然而，这些不同的研究视角往往是相互独立的。值得注意的是，语音互动研究往往忽视语音和心理语言学研究中明显的定量方面，以及语调音系学提供的潜在抽象结构的归属，而语音学和心理语言学的研究往往忽略了丰富的会话语境对他们观察到的变化的影响。作为我博士研究的一部分，我进行了一些实验，研究韵律变化在在口语中发出话题变化的信号，汇集了语音学、语调音位学和心理语言学的方法。我已经开始通过参加各种国家和国际会议来交流这项研究，最近我提交了一份期刊出版物，报告了其中的一些结果。有了这个奖学金，我打算继续这种跨学科的方法，将我以前的实验结果与CA/语音学中使用的详细定性方法结合起来。在奖学金期间，我想获得CA技术的进一步培训，并将其应用到我的博士研究中。首先，我打算比较我的控制语音生产实验的结果，主题变化的CA结果类似的插话功能，以确定有用的语调音系理论和CA之间的联系点。第二，我计划进行一项感知实验，将心理语言学方法与会话数据相结合，以跟进我在博士研究期间对更多受控数据进行的实验。我的研究对语调语音学和音系学，心理语言学和CA领域的研究人员特别相关，通过提供跨学科的方法来研究所有这些群体感兴趣的主题。使用多种方法来调查韵律变化提供了一个独特的机会，以促进我们的理解，这些现象在各种语言环境中的使用，并汇集在一起的方法，历史上有些孤立的。更广泛的问题是，说话者和倾听者在谈话中分享意义的方式，也可能会让任何对认知、人类行为和互动以及一般交流感兴趣的人感兴趣。我在奖学金期间的优先事项如下：（1）通过扩大我在CA领域的知识，继续我的跨学科方法对韵律在通信中的作用，（2）通过出版物和出席会议传播我的博士研究成果，（3）写一个大规模的赠款，以支持进一步的研究。