权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Agricultural Supply Chains, Growth and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Market Structure, Farm Constraints and Grass-root Institutions

撒哈拉以南非洲的农业供应链、增长和贫困：市场结构、农场限制和基层机构

基本信息

批准号：
ES/J00894X/1
负责人：
Nicolas Depetris Chauvin
金额：
$ 46.04万
依托单位：
African Center for Economic Transformation
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FJ00894X%2F1
关键词：
Agricultural Supply Chains Growth Poverty

项目摘要

This research proposal relates to the "Agriculture and Growth" theme of the DFID-ESRC Growth Programme.In Africa, rural poverty is a widespread phenomenon. The countries that historically managed to pull out of poverty are those that have been successful in diversifying their economies away from agriculture and other natural resource based activities. However, in Africa, the agriculture sector has so far failed to become an engine of growth and economic transformation for most countries in the continent. In Africa, international market conditions combine with domestic market configurations in shaping agriculture growth and poverty reduction. In Sub-Saharan Africa the levels of productivity in agriculture are of the order of one third of those enjoyed by small-holders in Asia. Part of the problem lies in the market structures and in the poor institutions, policies, and infrastructure serving the agriculture sector. Often, the commercialization of the agriculture output is produced along a value chain where intermediaries, exporters, and downstream producers interact with farmers. While in Africa the farming sector is composed mostly of atomistic smallholders, the lower-layers of the value chains are usually dominated by a small number of firms. Farmers may suffer from the non-competitive behavior of other agents along the chain, or be constrained from selling output in markets because transport and other services are not available or are too costly.Our research will investigate if and how agricultural market structures and farm constraints affect the development of dynamic food and cash crop sectors and whether these sectors can contribute to a process of economic transformation and poverty reduction in Sub Saharan Africa. To do that we plan to study the interplay between agriculture supply chains, farm constraints and poverty in a number of crops and countries. We will do a mapping of the existing supply chains characterizing the existing market structures and domestic competition policies (privatization, regulation, entry, merger, etc). At the farm level we will study the constraints faced by small holders to increase productivity and break a vicious cycle where low productivity exacerbates vulnerability to poverty. In a series of case studies, we will explore how grass-root institutions may help overcome those constraints. We will study how the market configurations, farm constraints, and the action of grass-root institutions interact to create useful instruments of poverty eradication. We will also study the differential effect on female-headed households vis-à-vis male-headed households. As women and poor households often confront greater barriers to participation in agricultural value chains and in nonmarket institutions, it is important to highlight such differential constraints and their impacts in our analysis.Our analysis builds around several case studies covering much of Sub-Saharan Africa and many of the major food and cash crops produced in the continent. Each case study has three building blocks, supply chains, farm constraints and grass-root institutions, and poverty impacts. In turn, the analysis in each building block is based on a sound theoretical framework and on a comprehensive quantitative assessment.

本研究建议与英国国际发展部-欧洲经济与发展研究中心增长计划的“农业与增长”主题有关。在非洲，农村贫困是一个普遍现象。历史上成功摆脱贫困的国家是那些成功地使其经济多样化，摆脱农业和其他以自然资源为基础的活动的国家。然而，在非洲，农业部门迄今未能成为非洲大陆大多数国家增长和经济转型的引擎。在非洲，国际市场条件与国内市场结构相结合，影响农业增长和减贫。在撒哈拉以南非洲，农业生产力水平只有亚洲小农的三分之一左右。部分问题在于市场结构以及为农业部门服务的制度、政策和基础设施薄弱。通常，农业产出的商业化是沿着价值链进行的，中间商、出口商和下游生产者与农民相互作用。在非洲，农业部门主要由自私自利的小农组成，而价值链的下层通常由少数公司主导。农民可能会受到供应链上其他代理商的非竞争行为的影响，或者由于运输和其他服务不可用或成本过高而无法在市场上销售产出。我们的研究将调查农业市场结构和农业限制是否以及如何影响动态粮食和经济作物部门的发展，以及这些部门是否有助于撒哈拉以南非洲的经济转型和减贫进程。为此，我们计划研究农业供应链、农业限制和许多作物和国家的贫困之间的相互作用。我们将绘制现有供应链的地图，描绘现有市场结构和国内竞争政策（私有化、监管、进入、合并等）。在农场层面，我们将研究小农在提高生产力和打破生产力低下加剧贫困的恶性循环方面所面临的制约因素。在一系列案例研究中，我们将探讨基层机构如何帮助克服这些制约因素。我们将研究市场配置、农场约束和基层机构的作用如何相互作用，以创造有用的消除贫困的工具。我们还将研究女性户主家庭与-à-vis男性户主家庭的差异效应。由于妇女和贫困家庭在参与农业价值链和非市场机构方面往往面临更大的障碍，因此必须在我们的分析中强调这种差异限制及其影响。我们的分析建立在几个案例研究的基础上，这些案例研究涵盖了撒哈拉以南非洲的大部分地区以及该大陆生产的许多主要粮食和经济作物。每个案例研究都有三个组成部分：供应链、农场约束和基层制度以及贫困影响。反过来，每个构建块的分析都是基于健全的理论框架和全面的定量评估。