Conflict resolution in Moldova

德涅斯特河沿岸冲突的当前表现可以追溯到苏联解体和独立的摩尔多瓦国家建立之时。在1991/2年短暂的暴力事件之后，德涅斯特河沿岸事实上的国家产生了，尽管参与所谓5+2解决进程的所有各方提出了许多解决建议，1992年的现状已得到巩固，直到最近，在解决问题方面没有取得任何实际进展。在德国和俄罗斯的倡议下，以及随后要求“适当”政治解决的外部压力不断增加，各方于2011年9月同意在“5+2”框架下恢复正式谈判。因此，德涅斯特河沿岸冲突及其解决现在是所有各方政治议程上的重要事项，但不幸的是，它们对良好做法缺乏更广泛的了解，也不了解它们正在处理的问题已在其他国家得到解决。此外，有些调解人不了解过去为解决德涅斯特河沿岸问题所作的努力，不了解实地局势的复杂性，也不了解类似的谈判进程在其他地方是如何成功结束的。在这一背景下，拟议的项目试图继续PI先前进行的两个研究项目，即在分裂的社会中建立和维持治理安排，特别是利用自治和权力分享安排。后续活动的第一个目标群体是直接参与谈判进程的国际组织及其一些相关成员国，即欧洲安全与合作组织（欧安组织）、欧盟以及英国和德国政府。这方面的重点将是发展解决冲突的现有选择办法，以及如何促进/调解决定性谈判进程和协助执行解决办法的问题。第二个目标群体将是直接冲突各方，即摩尔多瓦共和国政府，特别是其重返社会局，以及德涅斯特河沿岸当局，特别是首席谈判代表小组。在这方面，后续活动的重点将是解决冲突的现有选择办法。自2003年以来，PI一直密切和持续地参与摩尔多瓦的冲突解决工作，因此在非学术研究用户之间建立了广泛的相关联系网络，这将促进本项目产生最大影响。在这个项目的构思过程中，广泛征求了利益相关者的意见。后续活动将从利益攸关方协商开始，以确保投入与制定谈判战略和各方立场以及更广泛地与正在进行的谈判进程相关。关于解决方案和调解的文件草案随后将提交给利益攸关方，以确保他们继续对这个后续项目的方向和实质内容投入，然后文件的最终版本将单独提交给他们，并在项目核心合作者国际和平研究所（维也纳办事处）共同主办的闭幕会议上提交给他们。与利益相关者的多阶段接触将确保影响最大化，并通过建立、巩固和加强与利益相关者的关系，允许在项目生命周期之外进行后续有意义的后续活动。作为项目产出的一部分，除了关于和解和调解的两份备选文件外，PI还将编写一些更一般性的简报文件，供利益攸关方（以及其他各方通过更广泛的传播）在摩尔多瓦以外的冲突解决工作中使用，以及两篇针对学术研究用户的期刊文章。

In its current manifestation, the conflict over Transnistria dates back to the end of the Soviet Union and the establishment of an independent Moldovan state. After a brief spell of violence in 1991/2, the de-facto state of Transnistria came into being, and despite numerous settlement proposals from all parties involved in the so-called 5+2 settlement process, the status quo of 1992 has been consolidated and, until recently, no tangible progress was made towards a settlement. Following a German-Russian initiative and as a result of subsequently increasing external pressure for a 'proper' political settlement, the parties agreed in September 2011 to resume official negotiations in the 5+2 framework. Consequently, the Transnistria conflict and its resolution is now high on the political agenda of all the parties, but, unfortunately, they lack a wider understanding of good practices, or an appreciation that the issues that they are dealing with have been resolved in other countries. Furthermore, some of the mediators lack knowledge of past attempts to resolve the Transnistria issue and are unfamiliar with the complexities of the situation on the ground and how similar negotiation processes have successfully concluded elsewhere. Against this background, the proposed project seeks to follow on from two previous research projects that the PI conducted on the establishment and sustainability of governance arrangements in divided societies, especially the use of autonomy and power-sharing arrangements. The first target group of the follow-on activities are the international organisations, and some of their relevant member states, that are directly involved in the negotiations process, namely the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the EU and the British and German governments. Here the emphasis will be on developing available options for a conflict settlement and the question of how to facilitate/mediate a conclusive negotiation process and assist in settlement implementation. The second target group will be the immediate conflict parties, namely the government of the Republic of Moldova, especially its Bureau for Reintegration, and the authorities in Transnistria, especially the team of the Chief Negotiator. Here the emphasis of the follow-on activities will be on available options for a conflict settlement.The PI has been intimately and continuously involved with conflict settlement efforts in Moldova since 2003, and thus has a wide network of relevant contacts among non-academic research users that will facilitate maximum impact of this project. Stakeholders have been extensively consulted in the conception of this project.Follow-on activities will begin with a stakeholder consultation to ensure the relevance of input into the development of negotiation strategies and positions of the parties and into the ongoing negotiation process more generally. Draft papers on settlement options and mediation will then be presented to stakeholders to ensure their continuing input into the direction and substance of this follow-on project, and final versions of the papers will then be presented to them individually and at a concluding conference co-hosted by the project's core collaborator, the International Peace Institute (Vienna office). This multi-stage engagement with stakeholders will ensure maximisation of impact and, through building, consolidating and enhancing relationships with stakeholders, allow for subsequent meaningful follow-on activities beyond the life cycle of this project.As part of the project outputs, beyond the two options papers on settlement and mediation, the PI will produce a number of more general briefing papers that can be utilised by stakeholders (and by others through broader dissemination) in their conflict resolution work beyond Moldova, as well as two journal articles aimed at academic research users.