Increasing women's motivation to embark on and succeed in the surgical career.

这项提案寻求支持彼得斯和瑞安与皇家外科学院(RCS)和SCALPEL(英国最大的本科外科学会)合作，将他们之前由ESRC资助的研究转化为一套手术中的女性干预(WIS)干预措施，旨在增强女性开始并在外科事业中取得成功的动力。这种干预既及时，又对英国公众的长期福祉至关重要。首先，通过增加妇女外科事业的动力，这些干预措施有望纠正妇女在外科手术中系统性地代表性不足的问题。尽管如今女性在英国医学院中占主导地位，但与男性同事相比，她们从事外科工作的可能性要小得多，甚至更不可能有资格成为咨询师。其次，通过鼓励越来越多在本科人才库中占据主导地位的女性追求并在外科职业生涯中取得成功，这些干预措施将确保英国公众能够获得所需的外科技能。英国目前正经历着外科医生短缺的问题，而迅速老龄化的人口将加剧这一问题。第三，通过提高妇女的积极性，这些干预措施将降低与有能力的女性实习生的高流动率相关的NHS成本。WIS干预直接应用了彼得斯和瑞安最近的研究，该研究表明，基于身份的过程解释了女性在高地位职业中职业动机水平较低的原因。具体地说，这项研究表明，女性很可能会觉得自己不符合外科手术等高地位职业的典型男性形象。重要的是，这种被认为缺乏身份契合性的感觉首先会降低女性追求这一职业的动机；对于那些已经开始从事这一职业的人来说，这降低了她们成功的动机，并增加了她们选择退出的倾向。我们寻求将这些发现应用于与RCS和手术刀合作设计和运行的一揽子干预措施中。这些干预措施力求以妇女外科职业动机为目标，采取三管齐下的办法，包括(A)一系列研讨会、(B)多媒体资源平台和(C)干预评估方案。WIS研讨会系列将以英国顶级会议上的医学生和外科实习生为目标，传播关于身份匹配动态在女性动机中的作用的知识。研讨会系列还将通过增加女性外科榜样的能见度来直接支持女性对身份适合性的看法，这些榜样挑战了外科医生只是或需要成为特定类型的人的看法。通过确保会议是一个对性别问题敏感的环境，让关键组织有机会传达其对多样性的承诺，将加强干预措施。一个关键的研讨会将在医学教育工作者会议上提出，并将重点放在知识的传播上，以便那些最有能力监测和管理外科职业管道的人了解这些问题，并有权制定自己的干预措施。为了确保研讨会系列的传播和干预部分能够持续地面向全国受众，该系列将得到一个多媒体资源平台的补充，包括WIS视频广播、WIS研讨会系列网站和WIS支持网络。最后，与干预措施配套的评价方案将立即和在干预后的几个月内记录其在提高研讨会与会者(而不是非与会者)积极性方面的有效性。如有可能，将收集指示性行为信息。这将为未来的研讨会提供信息，确保RCS和手术刀实施最佳做法，以增加手术中妇女的存在，并为未来的研究提供信息。

This proposal seeks support for Peters and Ryan to partner with the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) and Scalpel (the UK's largest undergraduate surgical society) to translate their previous ESRC-funded research into a package of Women in Surgery (WIS) interventions designed to boost women's motivation to embark on and succeed in a surgical career. This intervention is both timely and essential for the long-term wellbeing of the UK public. First, by increasing women's surgical career motivation the interventions promise to redress the systematic underrepresentation of women in surgery. While women now dominate UK medical schools they are far less likely than male colleagues to pursue a career in surgery and even less likely to qualify as consultants. Second, by encouraging the women who increasingly dominate the undergraduate talent pool to pursue and succeed in a surgical career, the interventions will ensure the UK public has access to the surgical skills that it requires. The UK is currently experiencing a shortage of surgeons and the rapidly aging population will exacerbate this problem. Third, by increasing women's motivation the interventions will reduce NHS costs associated with the high turnover of capable female trainees. The WIS interventions are a direct application of Peters and Ryan's recent research which revealed that identity-based processes account for women's lower levels of career motivation in high status occupations. Specifically, the research demonstrates that women are likely to perceive that they do not fit in with the stereotypically masculine image that defines high status occupations like surgery. Importantly, this perceived lack of identity fit reduces women's motivation to pursue the occupation in the first place; and amongst those who have already embarked on this occupation, it reduces their motivation to succeed and increases their inclination to 'opt-out'. We seek to apply these findings in a package of interventions designed and run in collaboration with the RCS and Scalpel. The interventions seek to target women's surgical career motivation using a three-ponged approach that consists of (a) a seminar series, (b) a platform of multimedia resources and (c) a programme of intervention evaluation. The WIS Seminar Series will target medical students and surgical trainees at top UK conferences to disseminate knowledge about the role of identity-fit dynamics in the motivation of women. The Seminar Series will also directly bolster women's perception of identity fit by increasing the visibility of female surgical role models who challenge perceptions that surgeons are, or need to be, only a particular kind of person. The interventions will be reinforced by ensuring the conference is a gender-sensitive environment where key organisations are given the opportunity to communicate their commitment to diversity. One key seminar will be presented at a medical educators conference and will focus on the dissemination of knowledge so that those who are best placed to monitor and manage the surgical career pipeline understand the issues and are empowered to institute their own interventions. To ensure that the dissemination and intervention components of the Seminar Series can be directed towards a national audience on an ongoing basis, the series will be complemented by a platform of multimedia resources including a WIS Vodcast, WIS Seminar Series Website and a WIS Support Network. Finally, an evaluation programme will accompany the interventions to document their effectiveness at increasing the motivation of seminar attendees (versus non-attendees), both immediately and in the months following the intervention. Where possible indicative behavioural information will be gathered. This will inform future seminars, ensure that the RCS and Scalpel implement best practise to increase the presence of women in surgery and to inform future research.