Islamic Reformulations: Belief, Violence, Governance

在这个项目中，两个基本的研究领域内的全球Underwater计划（GU）进行了调查。第一，意识形态和信仰如何造成“全球不确定性”，如果造成这种不确定性，应采取何种应对措施？第二，由于一些现代穆斯林的知识趋势被视为通过使全球恐怖主义和暴力合法化来制造“全球不确定性”，伊斯兰思想中合法暴力的潜在未来方向是什么？(1)GU领导活动：第一个领域的研究贯穿了GU，尽管自然位置是GU核心领域“意识形态/信仰”。通过探索意识形态坚持和行动之间的复杂关系，该项目将突出意识形态/信仰核心领域的重点。全球安全是否受到意识形态的威胁？如果是这样的话，如何识别危险的信念，以及如何评估和中和它们对全球不确定性的贡献？最近的许多学术研究已经解决了这些问题;答案涉及心理学，人类学，法律和政治学，历史和宗教研究等一系列学科。对于格利夫来说，这些问题构成了“伊斯兰思想中的合法和非法暴力”（LIVIT）项目的基本研究重点; LIVIT研究探讨了穆斯林传统中暴力的知识正当性，以及这些正当性如何形成了特定穆斯林运动的行动基础。在这个项目中，关于意识形态坚持和行动之间有争议的关系的研究将首先由团队综合;然后，由于这些研究问题的复杂性，将建立一个跨学科的专业知识网络，包括学者和从业人员。该网络将在项目的第一年举行两次重点讲习班;在第二年，将根据讲习班的调查结果，举办一次题为“打击犯罪”的大型高级别公共研讨会。这一活动将吸引更多的网络参与者（包括学者和用户/从业人员）参加该项目，从而在最后一年实现进一步的研究协同作用和面向公众的活动。该研究计划旨在产生重大影响，提高围绕这些核心GU研究必要性的公共辩论水平。通过这一活动，意识形态/信仰协调行动将获得方法上的严谨性，但这种严谨性将影响到其他协调行动（特别是恐怖主义和化学、生物、辐射和核武器扩散），从而加强协调行动小组的整体一致性。(2)伊斯兰改革研究计划Gleave过去的工作（LIVIT和其他地方）已经绘制了穆斯林随着时间的推移对暴力的理性辩护。该项目将通过参考过去的辩护模式，重点关注穆斯林在当前背景下对暴力的思考的可能发展，从而扩展这一研究。目前的情况可能是特殊的，但其内容并非前所未有。（所谓的）阿拉伯之春确实为伊斯兰主义，特别是伊斯兰意识形态创造了新的可能性。伊朗、沙特阿拉伯和巴基斯坦政府自认为是“伊斯兰国家”，它们正在经历挑战;在每一个情况下，有争议的使用武力都是挑战的核心要素。这些发展最好在以前穆斯林的暴力概念及其合法性的背景下理解;通过在这个背景下研究它们，可以更好地理解穆斯林世界当前的知识景观及其潜在的意识形态轨迹。研究将在三年内通过Gleave和研究人员的研究（独立和合作），与LIVIT的既定专业知识基础进行密集的“沙坑”咨询，以及为公众和从业者/用户社区定制的活动计划。这些活动旨在提高公众认识，加强该项目在学术界内外的影响。

In this project, two fundamental research areas within the Global Uncertainties Programme (GU) are investigated. First, how might ideologies and beliefs contribute to "global uncertainty", and what response is appropriate if they do? Second, as some modern Muslim intellectual trends are viewed as creating "global uncertainty" through legitimising global terrorism and violence, what are the potential future directions for legitimate violence in Islamic thought?(1) GU Leadership activities: Thoughtcrimes and Dangerous BeliefsResearch in the first area cuts across GU, though the natural location is the GU Core Area "Ideologies/Beliefs". By exploring the complex relationship between ideological adherence and action, the project will sharpen the focus of the Ideologies/Beliefs Core Area. Is global security threatened by ideologies? If so, how might dangerous beliefs be identified and their contribution to global uncertainty be assessed and neutralised? Much recent academic research has addressed these questions; responses involve a range of disciplines from psychology, anthropology, law and political science, to history and religious studies. For Gleave, these questions formed the underlying research focus of the "Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Islamic Thought" (LIVIT) project; LIVIT research explores the intellectual justifications for violence within the Muslim tradition, and how these justifications have formed the basis for action by particular Muslim movements. In this project, research on the contested relationship between ideological adherence and action will be first synthesised by the team; then, due to the complex nature of these research questions, an interdisciplinary network of expertise, including both academics and practitioners, will be established. This network will meet for two focussed workshops in the project's first year; in year 2, a major high-profile public seminar, entitled "Thoughtcrimes", will be held drawing on the workshops' findings. This event will attract additional network participants (both academics and user/practitioners) to the project, leading to further research synergies and public-facing events in the final year. The research programme aims to have a major impact, raising the level of public debate around these core GU research imperatives. Through this activity, the Ideologies/Beliefs CA will acquire methodological rigour, but this rigour will feed into other CAs (in particular Terrorism and CBRN Weapons Proliferation), thereby enhancing GU's overall coherence. (2) Islamic Reformulations Research ProgrammeGleave's past work (LIVIT and elsewhere) has charted Muslim intellectual justifications for violence over time. This project will extend this research by focussing on the possible developments of Muslim thinking on violence within the current context by reference to past patterns of justification. The current context may be peculiar, but its elements are not unprecedented. The (so-called) Arab Spring has indeed created new possibilities for Islamism generally, and Islamic ideology specifically. The governments in Iran, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, which self-identify as "Islamic", are experiencing challenges; in each case the debated use of force forms a central element of the challenge. These developments are best understood in the context of previous Muslim notions of violence and its legitimacy; by examining them against this background, the current intellectual landscape of the Muslim world, and its potential ideological trajectories, can be better understood. Research will progress across the three years through research (both independent and collaborative) by Gleave and the researcher, intensive "sandpit" consultations with LIVIT's established expertise base, and a programme of bespoke events for the public and the practitioner/user communities. These activities are designed to raise public awareness and enhance the project's impact inside and outside academia.