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Breaking the Cycle? Prison Visitation and Recidivism in the UK.

打破循环？

基本信息

批准号：
ES/K002023/1
负责人：
Dominique Moran
金额：
$ 36.82万
依托单位：
University of Birmingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FK002023%2F1
关键词：
Breaking Cycle Prison Visitation Recidivism

项目摘要

In the aftermath of the 2011 UK riots, Justice Secretary Kenneth Clarke described the rioters as a 'feral underclass, cut off from the mainstream', and blamed the riots on the 'broken penal system - one whose record in preventing reoffending has been straightforwardly dreadful'. Reoffending or recidivism is key to the operation of the repetitive cycle of incarceration, re-entry, re-offending and re-incarceration, and represents a major policy challenge. In the UK, 75% of ex-inmates reoffend within nine years of release, and 39.3% within the first twelve months. Clarke's solution as set out in the government's "Breaking the Cycle" Green Paper is 'payment by results'; a 'radical and decentralising reform' with 'freedom to innovate' new interventions, opening 'the market to new providers from the private, voluntary and community sectors'. This project draws attention to prison visitation as an aspect of imprisonment which has already been demonstrated to improve the outcomes of released prisoners, but whose specific functionality is at present poorly understood. Through parallel methodologies, this project investigates the relationship between visitation and recidivism. This interdisciplinary project provides a new perspective on prison visitation and its relationship to the highly topical issue of recidivism in the UK. Macro-level statistical analysis in parallel with innovative mixed-methods research into visiting facilities will identify the nature of this relationship and its socio-spatial context, informing policy towards visitation and the design of visiting spaces, and contributing to broader debates about prisoner rehabilitation and resettlement. Research into studying recidivism finds that prison visitation is a significant factor in improving post-release outcomes; outcomes are in general much more positive for visited prisoners, and lower recidivism rates have been demonstrated across study populations and time periods. However, although the effect is widely observed, the causality is poorly understood. It is presumed that the maintenance of personal relationships and the feeling of 'connectedness' to home and community which may arise through visitation smooth reintegration after release, but this process has never been fully explored. The processes underlying persistent criminal careers remain a research gap, and very little is known about psychological change in relation to prison visits in terms of the psychological constructs which may mediate the relationship between visits and recidivism.In order to analyse the relationship between visitation and recidivism in the UK, the project uses national level statistics from the Ministry of Justice and the Police National Computer, with analysis carried out in conjunction with Ministry of Justice Analytical Services, and also explores the experience of visitation 'on the ground' in a West Midlands prison, investigating the ways in which prisoners, visitors and prison personnel experience prison visits; specifically the psychological effects of visitation, and the ways in which spatial context affects the kind of contact which takes place between prisoners and visitors.The project will uniquely generate both the most nuanced insights yet produced into the relationship between prison visitation and recidivism, and also critical insights into the socio-spatial context of prison visiting, to inform visitation policy and the design of more effective prison visiting spaces. It seizes an opportunity to influence policy and create impact, at a time when the the coalition government is consulting on policy reform, in particular in relation to recidivism. It represents convergence of cutting-edge debates in cognate disciplines of human geography, criminology, psychology and wider social theory, and resonates with policy development in individual prison institutions in the UK in the context of the 'Breaking the Cycle' initiative.

在2011年英国骚乱之后，司法部长肯尼思·克拉克（Kenneth Clarke）将骚乱者描述为“与主流社会隔绝的野蛮下层阶级”，并将骚乱归咎于“破碎的刑罚系统-其在防止再次犯罪方面的记录非常可怕”。重新犯罪或累犯是监禁、重新入境、重新犯罪和重新监禁重复循环运作的关键，也是一项重大政策挑战。在英国，75%的前囚犯在释放后的九年内重新犯罪，39.3%在前十二个月内重新犯罪。克拉克在政府的“打破循环”绿色文件中提出的解决方案是“按结果付费”;一种“激进和分散的改革”，具有“创新自由"的新干预措施，向”私营、志愿和社区部门的新供应商“开放市场。该项目提请注意监狱探视作为监禁的一个方面，这已经证明可以改善获释囚犯的结果，但其具体功能目前知之甚少。通过平行的方法，本项目调查探视和累犯之间的关系。这个跨学科的项目提供了一个新的视角监狱探视和它的关系，在英国累犯的高度热门问题。宏观层面的统计分析与对探访设施的创新混合方法研究并行进行，将确定这种关系的性质及其社会空间背景，为探访政策和探访空间的设计提供信息，并促进关于囚犯改造和重新安置的更广泛辩论。研究累犯的研究发现，监狱探视是改善释放后结果的一个重要因素;结果通常对探视的囚犯更为积极，并且在研究人群和时间段中表现出较低的累犯率。然而，尽管这种影响被广泛观察到，但因果关系却知之甚少。据推测，通过探视可能产生的个人关系的维持以及与家庭和社区的“联系”感有助于释放后顺利重返社会，但这一过程从未得到充分探讨。持续的犯罪生涯的过程仍然是一个研究空白，很少有人知道心理变化方面的监狱访问的心理结构，可能调解访问和累犯之间的关系。为了分析在英国访问和累犯之间的关系，该项目使用国家一级的统计数据，从司法部和警察国家计算机，与司法部分析服务处一起进行的分析，并探讨了西米德兰兹郡监狱“实地”探访的经验，调查了囚犯、探访者和监狱工作人员体验监狱探访的方式;特别是探视的心理影响，以及空间环境如何影响囚犯与来访者之间的接触。该项目将独特地产生迄今为止对监狱探视与该研究旨在分析累犯问题，并对监狱探访的社会空间背景提出重要见解，为探访政策和更有效的监狱探访空间的设计提供信息。在联合政府就政策改革，特别是与累犯有关的政策进行磋商之际，它抓住机会影响政策并产生影响。它代表了人文地理学，犯罪学，心理学和更广泛的社会理论的同源学科的前沿辩论的融合，并在“打破循环”倡议的背景下与英国个别监狱机构的政策发展产生共鸣。