'Bilateral ESRC/FAPESP' Perpetration of intimate partner violence by males in substance abuse treatment: a cross-cultural research learning alliance

背景亲密伴侣暴力(身体、性或心理虐待)在所有国家、文化和所有族裔群体中都存在；然而，在预防和治疗中需要考虑特定文化的特点，包括：文化定义和对适当性别角色的期望、对男性先天优越的信念以及在解决冲突时对暴力的可接受性。尽管如此，我们对文化信仰在IPV行为中发挥的作用的理解是有限的。与非药物滥用者相比，接受药物滥用治疗的男性更有可能对女性伴侣采取暴力行为。研究表明，接受药物滥用治疗的男性中有34%-68%有IPV病史。尽管如此，许多犯罪者的干预措施没有解决药物使用问题，因此，与药物滥用治疗方案相比，接触到的个人要少得多。因此，有人认为，对IPV的治疗应该与药物滥用治疗相结合。目前，大多数药物滥用服务机构缺乏有效应对IPV的能力。很少有研究考察药物滥用者的IPV行为。没有人研究过跨文化问题。目的本项目将检查和比较伦敦和S在药物滥用治疗中男性实施IPV的流行率和文化结构。此外，将审查两国针对男性滥用药物犯罪者的现行政策、治疗方案和护理途径，并约谈主要利益攸关方，以确定与这一客户群体合作的障碍和促进者。这项研究将有助于制定一个以证据和理论为基础的跨文化能力框架，以便在治疗药物滥用方面与男性犯罪者有效合作。在项目启动时，将成立一个由来自英国、巴西、西班牙和美国的专家学者、从业人员和政策制定者组成的国际学习联盟指导小组；以加强和支持信息、研究、最佳做法和政策的交流和传播，并确定酒精和毒品服务如何才能最好地应对IPV行为。此外，将在伦敦和S圣保罗建立由服务使用者和提供者、政策制定者和学者组成的当地学习联盟网络，以该项目转化为实践的知识为基础，为这一复杂问题制定跨部门的解决方案，从而改进对实施IPV的药物滥用者的干预措施。该项目的主要潜在好处是能力框架，该框架是由参加国际学习联盟指导小组的成员以及伦敦和S圣保罗的当地学习联盟网络合作和跨学科发展的。该框架将审议如何最好地查明、评估和应对药物滥用治疗中的亲密伴侣暴力行为，并将明确规定与药物滥用治疗工作人员的三个级别的肇事者合作的预期最低标准。将IPV实施干预措施纳入药物滥用治疗的主流，将确保犯罪者干预措施覆盖到比刑事司法或家庭暴力方案本身更广泛的肇事者，并可能减少药物使用和暴力，并改善整个家庭的功能。此外，药物滥用和家庭暴力部门之间的这些地方伙伴关系将促进协作和跨机构工作；并提高对这两个部门需要综合政策的认识。每年，英国的IPV成本估计为367亿GB。这项工作的潜在好处包括减少男性药物滥用者的IPV行为，这应导致减少由此产生的经济负担。

ContextIntimate partner violence (IPV) (physical, sexual or psychological abuse) occurs in all countries, cultures and among all ethnic groups; however, there are culture-specific characteristics that need to be considered in prevention and treatment including: cultural definitions and expectations of appropriate sex roles, belief in the inherent superiority of males and acceptability of violence in conflict resolution. Despite this, our understanding of the role that cultural beliefs play in IPV perpetration is limited. Males in substance abuse treatment are more likely to be violent towards their female partners than non-substance abusers. Research suggests that 34-68% of men in substance abuse treatment have a history of IPV. Despite this, many perpetrator interventions do not address substance use, and therefore, reach far fewer individuals than substance abuse treatment programmes could. As a result, it has been argued that treatment for IPV should be integrated into substance abuse treatment. Currently, most substance abuse services lack the competencies to respond effectively to IPV. Few studies have examined IPV perpetration among substance abusers. None have examined cross-cultural issues. AimsThis project will examine and compare the prevalence and cultural construction of IPV perpetration by males in substance abuse treatment in London and São Paulo. In addition, current policies, treatment protocols and care pathways for male substance abusing perpetrators in both countries will be reviewed, and key stakeholders interviewed to identify the barriers and facilitators to working with this client group. The research will inform the development of an evidence and theory based cross-cultural capacity framework for working effectively with male perpetrators in substance abuse treatment. An International Learning Alliance Steering Group of expert academics, practitioners and policy makers from England, Brazil, Spain and the US will be established at the initiation of the project; to strengthen and support the exchange and dissemination of information, research, best practice and policy, and to determine how alcohol and drug services can best respond to IPV perpetration. In addition, local Learning Alliance networks of service users and providers, policy makers and academics will be established in both London and São Paulo to develop cross-sector solutions to this complex problem, building on the knowledge transferred from this project into practice, thereby improving interventions for substance abusers who perpetrate IPV.Potential applications & benefits The major potential benefit of this project is the capacity framework, developed collaboratively and inter-disciplinarily by members participating in the International Learning Alliance Steering Group and the local Learning Alliance networks in London and São Paulo. The framework will consider how best to identify, assess and respond to intimate partner violence in substance abuse treatment and will clearly lay out the expected minimum standards for practice in working with perpetrators for the three levels of the substance abuse treatment workforce. The mainstreaming of IPV perpetration interventions to substance abuse treatment will ensure that perpetrator interventions reach a wider number of perpetrators than the Criminal Justice or Domestic Violence programmes alone and may decrease substance use and violence and improve the family functioning as a whole. In addition, these local partnerships between the substance abuse and domestic violence sectors will foster collaborative and cross-agency working; and raise awareness of the need for integrated policy for both sectors. Annually, IPV costs in the UK are estimated at £36.7 billion. Potential benefits of this work include the reduction of IPV perpetration by male substance abusers that should lead to a reduction in the resulting financial burden.