Advances in Research on Globally Accessible Medicine (AROGYAM)

这个项目的智力目标是，利用印度和欧洲的前沿研究，开创考虑公共卫生方面的社会科学问题的新方法，不仅为了解和改善印度和生活在欧洲的印度裔人口的公共卫生的方法提供见解，而且为更广泛地提供见解。该项目将激发跨学科的讨论、公共卫生社会科学方面的写作和研究建议，涉及来自医学社会学、医学人类学、公共卫生科学（包括社会流行病学）、卫生政策、政治经济学和卫生经济学、医学史和其他医学人文学科、社会工作和法律的专家。参与该项目的有四个机构：海德堡大学（德国）爱丁堡大学人文和社会科学学院的多学科小组、贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁大学社会医学和社区卫生中心（印度新德里）以及Sree Chitra Tirunal医学科学和技术研究所Achutha Menon健康科学研究中心（印度特里凡得琅）。我们将讨论四个主要主题：1。非传染性疾病，特别是糖尿病、肥胖、心理健康和吸烟，以及人口跨越国界时的影响。该主题将探讨：(a)肥胖和烟草使用的作用如何被理解、解释和社会接受/拒绝；(b)社区内的性别和经济结构如何影响这些因素(c)适应从欧洲亚洲社区的研究中发展起来的肥胖管理和减少以及戒烟做法的潜力(d)在更广泛的社会和信仰框架内对风险的共同和不同看法(e)印度非传染性疾病初级和二级预防的成本效益方法。传染病和对公共卫生的挑战，特别是艾滋病毒/艾滋病、疟疾和结核病。我们将审查(a)预防艾滋病毒母婴传播方面的驱动因素和障碍(b)评估传染病控制和预防政策和方案的概念框架和方法方法(c)影响风险环境的结构性驱动因素；坚持治疗结核病和抗逆转录病毒治疗及艾滋病毒管理进程并区别对待这些进程(d)关于性别和社会科学问题的辩论，特别是关于它们对疾病负担的影响(e)关于预防和治疗传染病方面的人权以及风险最大的人获得负担得起的药品的辩论。生物医学技术和保健服务方面的创新，特别涉及干细胞、生物银行、临床和公共卫生研究试验、社区卫生监测和药品。我们将绘制：(a)技术创新的新科学轮廓(b)强调生物技术在公共保健方面的高投资的伦理和经济理由(c)对生物技术和公共保健的政治和社会支持(d)对社区保健的影响以及可行性、分配和获取的问题。这个主题考虑了民族国家在全球知识、技术和人员流动日益增加的背景下日益减少的作用。我们将研究：(a)民族国家的作用日益缩小，知识、技术和人员的全球流动日益增加(b)跨国制药公司和医疗“旅游”促进了人们向全球不同地区寻找治疗方法的流动(c)“传统”药物从亚洲向欧洲的高档专业人士和原籍国的当地精英的营销不断加速(d)亚洲传统医疗系统的日益“欧洲化”。

The intellectual objectives of this project are to initiate new ways of considering social scientific issues in public health, drawing on leading edge research in both India and Europe, and offering insights not only into ways of understanding and improving public health in India and amongst populations of Indian origin living in Europe, but also more generally. The project will stimulate cross-disciplinary discussions, writing and research proposals on social science aspects of public health, involving specialists from Medical Sociology, Medical Anthropology, Public Health Sciences (including social epidemiology), Health Policy, Political Economy & Health Economics, Medical History and other medical humanities, Social Work and Law. Four institutions are associated with this project: multi-disciplinary groups from the College of Humanities and Social Science, and the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, from Heidelberg University (Germany), Centre for Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University (New Delhi, India) and the Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Trivandrum, India). We will address four main themes: 1. Non-communicable diseases, with special reference to diabetes, obesity, mental health and tobacco use, and the implications when populations cross national boundaries. The theme will explore: (a) how the roles of obesity and of tobacco use are understood, interpreted, and socially accepted/rejected; (b) how these are shaped by gender and economic structures within communities (c) the potential for adaptation of practices in obesity management and reduction together with tobacco cessation developed from studies of Asian communities in Europe (d) shared and diverse perceptions of risk within the wider social and faith frameworks (e) cost-effective approaches to primary and secondary prevention of non-communicable diseases in India.2. Communicable diseases, and challenges to public health with special reference to HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB. We will examine (a) drivers and barriers in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (b) conceptual frameworks and methodological approaches for assessing control and prevention policies and programmes for communicable diseases (c) structural drivers that influence risk environments; adherence and differential access to TB and to ART and HIV management processes (d) debates on gender and social science issues with particular reference to their impact on burden of disease (e) debates over human rights in prevention and treatment of communicable diseases and access to affordable medicines by those at the greatest risks.3. Innovations in biomedical technology and healthcare delivery with special reference to stem-cells, bio-banking, clinical and public health research trials, community health monitoring and pharmaceuticals. We will map: (a) the emerging scientific contours of technological innovation (b) ethical and economic justifications underscoring high investment biotechnology in public health care (c) political and social support for biotechnology and public health interface (d) impact on community health and questions of feasibility, distribution and access.4. This theme considers the dwindling role of nation-state in the context of increasing global movement of knowledge, technology, and personnel. We will examine: (a) the dwindling role of nation-state and increasing global movements of knowledge, technology, and people (b) transnational pharmaceutical companies and medical 'tourism' in facilitating movement of people to disparate global locales in search of therapies (c) ever accelerating marketing of 'traditional' medicines from Asia to upscale professionals in Europe and local elites in the lands of their origins (d) the increasing 'Europeanization' of traditional Asian medical systems.