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Global Income Inequality, c1880-1960

全球收入不平等，c1880-1960

基本信息

批准号：
ES/L002523/1
负责人：
Ian Gazeley
金额：
$ 118.41万
依托单位：
University of Sussex
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FL002523%2F1
关键词：
Global Income Inequality c1880 1960

项目摘要

This project will calculate new estimates of world inequality in the period from the end of the nineteenth century until the 1960s, based on the results of household expenditure surveys. The current consensus is that all of the post-industrial revolution increase in inequality amongst world citizens occurred before about 1950. This conclusion has largely been reached on the basis of the analysis of global measures of inequality derived from the national accounts in conjunction with various proxy measures. This project takes a different approach. We plan to investigate inequality in this period using much better, household level, data. There are strong arguments, advocated by the World Bank among others, for investigating inequality using evidence from household surveys suitably adjusted for cost of living differences. This has not generally been carried out for the pre-1950 period at a global level, possibly because the extent of recoverable household expenditure survey evidence has not been fully appreciated. Our investigations have located a vast cache of household expenditure surveys for the period. Thus far, we have identified around 800 household surveys from around the world, carried out between the 1880s and 1960s, of which around 381 are of sufficient scope as to be potentially useful for the investigation of inequality. The geographical spread of these surveys is truly global: 71 from Western Europe; 10 from Eastern Europe; 53 from South and Central America; 37 from Africa and the Caribbean; 88 from Asia; 7 from the Middle East, 110 from North America and 5 from Australia and Polynesia.We will extract the reported demographic and expenditure data by income group from these reports and use them to estimate parameters of the income distribution. Using these estimates, we will investigate the changing nature of inequality within a number of key nation states, and also investigate the time path and geography of global inequality 1880-1960. In addition, we would use these data to estimate other indicators of living conditions, such as nutritional attainment, which may provide further insights into the impact of industrialisation on inequality. The research outlined in this proposal is likely to transform our understanding of the history of global living standards during the first half of the twentieth century and the distributional consequences of long-term economic growth. It has the potential, equally, to transform our understanding of policy designed to reduce inequality. The project will also bequeath a collection of data-sets with significant potential for future use.

该项目将根据家庭支出调查的结果，计算从世纪末到1960年代期间世界不平等的新估计数。目前的共识是，所有工业革命后世界公民之间不平等的增加都发生在1950年之前。这一结论在很大程度上是根据对国民账户和各种代用计量得出的全球不平等计量的分析得出的。这个项目采取了不同的方法。我们计划使用更好的家庭层面的数据来调查这一时期的不平等。世界银行等机构提出了强有力的论据，主张利用根据生活费用差异适当调整的住户调查证据来调查不平等现象。在全球一级，1950年以前的这一时期一般没有进行过这种调查，可能是因为可收回的家庭支出调查证据的程度没有得到充分的认识。我们的调查发现了该时期大量的家庭支出调查。到目前为止，我们已经确定了19世纪80年代至1960年代在世界各地进行的大约800项家庭调查，其中大约381项调查的范围足以对调查不平等现象产生潜在的帮助。这些调查的地理分布确实是全球性的：西欧71次;东欧10次;南美洲和中美洲53次;非洲和加勒比37次;亚洲88次; 7名来自中东，110份来自北美洲，5份来自澳洲及玻利尼西亚。我们会从这些报告中摘录按收入组别划分的人口及开支数据，收入分配的参数。利用这些估计，我们将研究一些主要民族国家内部不平等的变化性质，并研究1880-1960年全球不平等的时间路径和地理位置。此外，我们将使用这些数据来估计生活条件的其他指标，如营养水平，这可能会进一步了解工业化对不平等的影响。这项建议中概述的研究可能会改变我们对二十世纪上半叶全球生活水平历史以及长期经济增长的分配后果的理解。同样，它有可能改变我们对旨在减少不平等的政策的理解。该项目还将留下一批具有很大潜力供今后使用的数据集。