Choice, constraints and the gender dynamics of labour markets in Bangladesh

孟加拉国劳动力市场的选择、限制和性别动态

基本信息

项目摘要

This research will address the first overarching question in the call specification concerning the most effective approaches in enabling the poorest sections of the population to exit and stay out of poverty. It will also contribute to the second question relating to the political and institutional conditions associated with sustained transitions out of poverty. Empirical research from different contexts has attested to the positive implications of women's labour force participation, particularly in forms of employment that offer predictable income flows and decent conditions of work. These implications relate to health and wellbeing of family members as well as broader development goals, including economic growth and poverty reduction. In the light of such findings, the persistence of low rates of female labour force participation in the South Asia region, which accounts for a substantial proportion of the world's poor, is a matter of considerable policy concern. The persistence of these low rates despite economic growth across the region has been attributed to prevailing cultural norms giving primacy to male breadwinning roles together with strong restrictions on women's mobility in the public domain. At the same time, the fact that women's labour force participation has been rising in these countries, albeit at a very slow rate, suggests that cultural norms are not immutable. The aim of this project is to explore the changing gender dynamics of labour markets in the specific context of Bangladesh. Bangladesh provides a particularly salient context for such research. Described as a 'test case for development' in the early years of its independence and as an extreme form of patriarchy, the country has experienced moderate rates of both growth and poverty reduction as well as considerable progress on gender equality in education and health. Quantitative studies from the Bangladesh context have suggested that access to paid work serves to promote women's empowerment (as measured by a range of indicators) while qualitative research testifies to the value that women themselves place on access to employment opportunities. Despite this, women's labour market activity remains low and largely concentrated in unpaid family labour and home-based self employment. We propose to draw on different theoretical approaches to labour market behaviour, both those that focus on individual choice as well as those that emphasize structural constraint, to explore this labour market puzzle. We will utilize the rich data set provided by a purposively designed survey carried out in 2008 of 5198 women in 8 different districts in Bangladesh as part of the DFID-funded Pathways of Women's Empowerment research programme (2006-11). We will use qualitative research methods to gain deeper insights into the findings generated by the quantitative analysis. Our analysis will take advantage of the district-level variations in women's economic activity recorded by the 2008 survey to explore the influence of political and institutional variations in the local context on the women's labour market behaviour. A resurvey of these women, together with an additional component on the labour market behaviour of 2500 men randomly selected from the study locations, will allow us to gain both a gender perperspective on labour market dynamics as well as changes over time in the interactions between choice and constraint for women from different socio-economic groups in different locations. We will pay particular attention to the combination of household/individual characteristics and contextual factors most likely to enable women to take advantage of economic opportunities and translate these into improvements in household living standards and family well being. This will allow us to develop both short and longer term policy responses which would promote these enabling factors and to work with the policy actors best positioned to address them.
这项研究将解决CALL规范中的第一个首要问题,即使人口中最贫穷的部分能够退出和保持脱贫的最有效办法。它还将有助于第二个问题,即与持续脱贫有关的政治和体制条件。来自不同背景的经验研究证明,妇女参与劳动力大军,特别是在提供可预测的收入流动和体面工作条件的就业形式方面,具有积极意义。这些影响涉及家庭成员的健康和福祉以及更广泛的发展目标,包括经济增长和减贫。鉴于这些调查结果,占世界贫困人口相当大比例的南亚地区的女性劳动力参与率持续偏低,这是一个令人相当关切的政策问题。尽管整个区域的经济都在增长,但这些比率仍然很低,这要归因于主流文化规范把男性养家糊口的角色放在首位,以及对妇女在公共领域的流动性的严格限制。与此同时,这些国家的妇女劳动力参与率一直在上升,尽管速度很慢,这表明文化规范并非一成不变。该项目的目的是在孟加拉国的具体背景下探讨劳动力市场不断变化的性别动态。孟加拉国为这类研究提供了一个特别突出的背景。该国在独立初期被描述为发展的测试案例,是一种极端的父权制形式,经历了中等的增长率和减贫速度,在教育和卫生方面的性别平等方面也取得了相当大的进展。孟加拉国的定量研究表明,获得有偿工作有助于促进妇女赋权(以一系列指标衡量),而定性研究则证明妇女本身对获得就业机会的重视。尽管如此,妇女在劳动力市场的活动仍然很少,主要集中在无偿家庭劳动和家庭自营职业。我们建议借鉴劳动力市场行为的不同理论方法,既有关注个人选择的方法,也有强调结构性约束的方法,以探索劳动力市场的这个谜题。我们将利用2008年对孟加拉国8个不同地区的5198名妇女进行的有目的的调查所提供的丰富数据集,作为英国国际发展部资助的妇女赋权之路研究方案(2006-11)的一部分。我们将使用定性研究的方法,对定量分析产生的结果进行更深入的了解。我们的分析将利用2008年调查记录的地区一级妇女经济活动的差异,探讨当地政治和体制差异对妇女劳动力市场行为的影响。对这些妇女的重新调查,加上从研究地点随机挑选的2500名男子的劳动力市场行为的额外组成部分,将使我们能够获得劳动力市场动态的性别视角,以及来自不同地点不同社会经济群体的妇女的选择和约束之间的互动随时间的变化。我们将特别注意最有可能使妇女能够利用经济机会并将其转化为改善家庭生活水平和家庭福祉的家庭/个人特征和背景因素的结合。这将使我们能够制定短期和长期的政策对策,促进这些有利因素,并与最有能力处理这些因素的政策行为者合作。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Livelihood Transitions of Women Workers During COVID-19: The Case of Domestic Workers in Dhaka
COVID-19 期间女工的生计转变:达卡家政工人的案例
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2021
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Kabeer N
  • 通讯作者:
    Kabeer N
Cultural Norm, Economic Incentives and Women's Labour Market Behaviour: Empirical Insights From Bangladesh
文化规范、经济激励和女性劳动力市场行为:来自孟加拉国的经验见解
Multi-stakeholder initiatives in Bangladesh after Rana Plaza: global norms and workers' perspectives
拉纳广场后孟加拉国的多方利益相关者倡议:全球规范和工人的观点
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2019
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    N. Kabeer
  • 通讯作者:
    N. Kabeer
Economic Pathways to Women's Empowerment and Active Citizenship: What Does The Evidence From Bangladesh Tell Us?
  • DOI:
    10.1080/00220388.2016.1205730
  • 发表时间:
    2017-01-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.9
  • 作者:
    Kabeer, Naila
  • 通讯作者:
    Kabeer, Naila
Livelihood Transitions and coping with shocks: Women in the Ready-Made Garment Sector coping with COVID 19
生计转变和应对冲击:成衣行业的女性应对 COVID 19
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Kabeer, N.
  • 通讯作者:
    Kabeer, N.
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Naila Kabeer其他文献

Cultural Dopes or Rational Fools? Women and Labour Supply in the Bangladesh Garment Industry
The Contested Relationship Between Paid Work and Women’s Empowerment: Empirical Analysis from Bangladesh
  • DOI:
    10.1057/s41287-017-0119-y
  • 发表时间:
    2018-04-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.600
  • 作者:
    Naila Kabeer;Simeen Mahmud;Sakiba Tasneem
  • 通讯作者:
    Sakiba Tasneem
Gendered Poverty Traps: Inequality and Care in a Globalised World

Naila Kabeer的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Naila Kabeer', 18)}}的其他基金

Choice constraint and the gender dynamics of labour markets in West Bengal
西孟加拉邦劳动力市场的选择约束和性别动态
  • 批准号:
    ES/N014723/1
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 57.9万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

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