Intergenerational worklessness in an international context: the role of labour markets, welfare systems and education

代际失业是学术界、政界和公共领域越来越感兴趣的一个新的重要话题。这项研究与ESRCs的主要战略重点之一很好地契合，该报告的标题是“一个公平而充满活力的社会”，特别是问“我们的社会有多大的流动性？”代际失业捕捉到了一种代代相传的特别严重的贫困类型。通过为广泛的国家提供第一个证据，这项提议将使我们能够衡量在国际背景下，那些被困在劳动力市场底部的人缺乏流动性是一个多大的问题。该项目的第一部分将首次对欧洲、美国、澳大利亚和加拿大的代际失业情况进行国际比较。这项工作将特别关注第二代劳动力市场的进入者，以评估代际因素是否可能是最近青年失业率飙升的原因。这项研究的第二部分将以此为基础，考虑当地劳动力市场、福利制度和教育制度在传递失业魔咒方面的作用。更具体地说，它的目的是：1)询问代际关联的产生是否是因为一些国家的工作比其他国家多(失业率较低)，或者是否存在生活在一个没有工作的国家而父亲没有工作的额外惩罚。2)评估为劳动力市场进入者提供更慷慨的福利制度的国家与几代人之间是否存在高度持续的无工作状态之间的联系。3)研究各国教育系统如何为年轻人的就业做好准备，以及这与代际失业的模式有何关联。该项目旨在通过尽可能利用不同国家和时间的差异，解决在确定这些因素对代际失业的影响方面面临的明显的方法学挑战。除了产生新的和有价值的研究外，我还将利用这笔赠款学习各种新技能，这些技能将使我成为研究领导者。我将在我现有的国际关系网的基础上，计划前往哈佛大学、墨尔本大学和瑞典社会研究所，所有这些都得到这些机构的国际专家的支持。我将扩大我在方法论、福利和教育体系方面的知识，超越我目前在英国的重点，参加培训课程，并从我的新关系网中学习。我还将通过第一次领导拨款、管理预算和管理初级研究员来获得管理技能。最后，我将通过与我所在部门的沟通团队合作，为我的工作创造最大的曝光率，从而提高我的沟通技能。我在撰写高影响力研究方面有良好的记录，并将利用这些经验和联系人来确保这项新工作得到广泛传播。我相信，这项研究的专题性质将使这一研究引起广泛的受众的兴趣，包括学者、政策制定者和从业人员。我的目标是将这项研究发表在领先的同行评议的学术期刊上，如《欧洲社会政策、人口学杂志》和《欧洲经济协会杂志》，并在一些国际会议上展示我的研究成果，包括美国人口协会年会、欧洲社会政策分析网络(ESPAnet)年度会议和欧洲劳工经济学家协会会议。我亦会在拨款结束时举办一次国际会议，汇聚研究生活机会和青年失业问题的主要学者、决策者和非政府机构的使用者。

Intergenerational worklessness, the association in workless spells across generations, is a new and important topic of increasing interest in academia, political circles and the public domain. The research fits well with one of the ESRCs main strategic priorities under the heading of 'A Fair and Vibrant Society', specifically asking 'How mobile is our society?'. Intergenerational worklessness captures a particularly severe type of deprivation that is passed across generations. By providing the first evidence for a wide range of countries, this proposal will enable us to measure how much of a problem a lack of mobility for those stuck at the bottom of the labour market is in an international context. The first strand of this project will present the first international comparison of intergenerational worklessness across Europe, the USA, Australia and Canada. The work will have a particular focus on labour market entrants in the second generation to assess whether intergenerational factors might be driving the recent surge in youth unemployment rates. The second strand of this research will build on this, considering the role of local labour markets, welfare systems and education systems in the transmission of workless spells. More specifically it will aim to:1) Ask whether intergenerational associations arise because some countries have more work (lower unemployment) than other countries or whether there is an additional penalty of living in a country with no work and having a workless father.2) Assess whether there is any association between countries with more generous welfare systems for labour market entrants and high persistence in workless spells across generations. 3) Examine how education systems prepare young people for employment across countries and how this is associated with patterns in intergenerational worklessness. The project will aim to deal with the obvious methodological challenges faced in identifying the effect of these factors on intergenerational worklessness by exploiting variation across countries and time where possible. Along with producing new and valuable research, I will use this grant to learn a variety of new skills that will enable me to become a research leader. I will build on my existing international networks with planned trips to Harvard University, the University of Melbourne and the Swedish Institute of Social Research, all supported by international experts based at these institutions. I will expand my knowledge of methodologies and welfare and education systems beyond my current UK focus, attending training courses and learning from my new networks. I will also gain management skills by leading a grant for the first time, managing a budget and managing a junior researcher. Finally, I will improve on my communication skills by working with the communications team in my department to create maximum exposure for my work.I have a proven record in writing high-impact research and will use this experience and contacts to ensure this new work is widely disseminated. I believe that the topical nature of the research will make this of interest to a wide range of audiences, including academics, policy makers and practitioners. I will aim to publish this research in leading peer-reviewed academic journals such as the Journal of European Social Policy, Demography and the Journal of European Economic Association and present my work at a number of international conferences including the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, the Annual European Network for Social Policy Analysis (ESPAnet) conference and the European Association of Labour Economists Conference. I will also organise an international conference at the end of the grant bringing together leading academics in the field of life chances and youth unemployment, policy makers and users from non-government agencies.