Integrated assessment of the determinants of the maize yield gap in Sub-Saharan Africa: towards farm innovation and enabling policies

撒哈拉以南非洲玉米产量差距决定因素的综合评估：推动农业创新和扶持政策

• 批准号: ES/L012294/1
• 负责人: Martin Van Ittersum
• 金额: $ 52.61万
• 依托单位: Wageningen University & Research
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FL012294%2F1
• 关键词: Integrated; assessment; determinants; maize; yield

Yield gaps estimations and explanations provide important information on the scope for production increases on existing agricultural land through better farming systems, farm management and enabling policies. The aim of this project is to develop and implement a framework that identifies the key bio-physical and management factors that influence the maize yield gap in SSA and how these are related to existing institutional, infrastructural, socio-economic and policy constraints. The research focuses on the major food crop in SSA, maize, mainly produced by small scale farmers. Maize is an important food crop in almost all Sub-Saharan African countries. Addressing yield performance in maize is therefore valuable from both a food security and poverty perspective. The project will focus on Ghana and Ethiopia as maize-growing case study countries where it builds on existing data and local partnerships. It is assumed that enhanced understanding for these two countries from West and East Africa will have wider meaning. The innovative part of this project is the use of a framework that integrates agronomic and economic approaches to assess the yield gap and analyse agricultural performance at the farm and plot level. The analysis consists of three stages. In the first stage crop growth and economic production models are used to calculate potential, technical efficient ('best practice') and economic ceiling yields at the national and regional level, which are subsequently combined with actual yield data from surveys to compute the various yield gaps. In the second stage, econometric techniques are used to analyse variations in the observed yield gaps in space and relate them to plot-level, farm-level and context determining factors. In the third stage, a small number of local case studies are organised at the village level to deepen the analyses and to thoroughly understand the determinants of yield gaps to allow identification of farm and management innovations and policy interventions. Information on yield potentials and actual yields will be taken from the Global Yield Gap Atlas (GYGA) that is currently being developed by University of Nebraska, Wageningen University and many partners from SSA. Farm/household level data and plot level information for Ethiopia and Ghana will be taken from the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) and EGC-ISSER Ghana (expected to become available end of 2013). In addition, a survey in each of the case-study regions will be organised to collect additional and detailed information on plot-level crop production and management such as soil characteristics, cultivation history and agronomic management. The results will be used to derive targeted policy and farming recommendations that account for the complex environments in which male and female farmers in the SSA-region operate and incorporate the basic mechanisms that link farm performance to the broader enabling environment. This process will be supported by initiating participatory on-farm demonstration trials on the one hand and a policy dialogue with stakeholders on the other hand.

产量差距估计和解释提供了有关通过更好的耕作系统、农场管理和扶持政策提高现有农业土地产量的范围的重要信息。该项目的目的是制定和实施一个框架，确定影响撒哈拉以南非洲地区玉米产量差距的关键生物物理和管理因素，以及这些因素与现有体制、基础设施、社会经济和政策限制的关系。该研究重点关注撒哈拉以南非洲地区的主要粮食作物——玉米，该作物主要由小规模农户生产。玉米是几乎所有撒哈拉以南非洲国家的重要粮食作物。因此，从粮食安全和贫困的角度来看，解决玉米的产量表现都很有价值。该项目将重点关注加纳和埃塞俄比亚这两个玉米种植国的案例研究，该项目以现有数据和当地合作伙伴关系为基础。据认为，加强对西非和东非这两个国家的了解将具有更广泛的意义。该项目的创新部分是使用一个整合农艺和经济方法的框架来评估产量差距并分析农场和地块层面的农业绩效。分析包括三个阶段。在第一阶段，作物生长和经济生产模型用于计算国家和区域层面的潜力、技术效率（“最佳实践”）和经济上限产量，随后与调查中的实际产量数据相结合，计算各种产量差距。在第二阶段，计量经济学技术用于分析观察到的空间产量差距的变化，并将其与地块层面、农场层面和环境决定因素联系起来。第三阶段，在村一级组织少量当地案例研究，深化分析，彻底了解产量差距的决定因素，以便识别农场和管理创新以及政策干预措施。有关产量潜力和实际产量的信息将取自全球产量差距图集 (GYGA)，该图集目前由内布拉斯加大学、瓦赫宁根大学和 SSA 的许多合作伙伴正在开发。埃塞俄比亚和加纳的农场/家庭层面数据和地块层面信息将取自世界银行生活水平衡量研究-农业综合调查 (LSMS-ISA) 和 EGC-ISSER 加纳（预计于 2013 年底推出）。此外，还将组织对每个案例研究区域进行调查，以收集有关地块作物生产和管理的更多详细信息，例如土壤特征、耕作历史和农艺管理。研究结果将用于得出有针对性的政策和农业建议，这些建议考虑到撒哈拉以南非洲地区男性和女性农民经营的复杂环境，并纳入将农场绩效与更广泛的有利环境联系起来的基本机制。这一进程将一方面通过启动参与性农场示范试验，另一方面与利益相关者进行政策对话来支持。

项目成果

Improving food security by reducing the maize yield gap in Ethiopia

通过缩小埃塞俄比亚玉米产量差距改善粮食安全

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Admassie A.

Reducing The Maize Yield Gap In Ethiopia: Analysis And Policy Simulation

缩小埃塞俄比亚的玉米产量差距：分析和政策模拟

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Admassie A.

Can Ethiopia feed itself by 2050? Estimating cereal self-sufficiency to 2050

到2050年，埃塞俄比亚能养活自己吗？

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Fantaye K.T.

Meta-analysis of yield gap explaining factors and opportunities for alternative data collection approaches

产量差距的荟萃分析解释了替代数据收集方法的因素和机会

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: E. Beza

Improving food security by reducing the maize yield gap in Ghana

通过缩小加纳玉米产量差距改善粮食安全

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Asante F.A.