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Investigating New Ways to Improve Eyewitness Identifications Using Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis

使用接收器操作特性分析研究改进目击者识别的新方法

基本信息

批准号：
ES/L012642/1
负责人：
Laura Mickes
金额：
$ 32.18万
依托单位：
Royal Holloway University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FL012642%2F1
关键词：
Investigating New Ways Improve Eyewitness

项目摘要

There is a two-pronged, very real societal problem concerning identifications made by eyewitnesses: innocent suspects are mistakenly identified and charged with a crime they did not commit, or guilty suspects are not identified and free to commit more crimes. Decreasing the chances that innocent suspects are misidentified, unfortunately also decreases the chances that guilty suspects are identified; and likewise, increasing the chances that guilty suspects are identified also increases the chances that innocent suspects are identified. In other words, an eyewitness's accuracy is not just about choosing the right suspect; it is also about not misidentifying the wrong suspect. This teeter tottering is what eyewitness memory researchers have been grappling with for decades, and we aim to combat it. That may seem like a bold claim, but it is now possible because of the new method of analysis we recently introduced to the field of eyewitness memory. The method disentangles the concept of response bias (i.e., the inclination of an eyewitness to choose someone or not choose someone from an identification parade) from discriminability (i.e., the ability to discriminate an innocent suspect from a guilty suspect). While the method is new to eyewitness memory researchers, the method is tried-and-true for medical diagnosticians who routinely use it to test whether one diagnostic procedure is better able to discriminate a disease state from a non-disease state, for example. Eyewitness memory researchers are faced with the same conceptual issue as medical diagnosticians in which they need to determine whether one procedure is better able to discriminate guilty from innocent suspects. Our new method allows us to answer important questions in eyewitness memory that could not be previously answered because there were no satisfactory ways to measure discriminability.We will use our new technique in a series of experiments designed to investigate ways to increase discriminability. We will do this by comparing commonly used identification parade procedures and manipulating components of each procedure to investigate the factors that increase discriminability. The results of the experiments will shed light on why certain identification parade procedures (e.g., sequentially presented videos vs. simultaneously presented videos) and components of those procedures (e.g., identifications made quickly, number of individuals presented in an identification parade) increase discriminability. The results of this research could ultimately lead to more guilty people and fewer innocent people being identified and later prosecuted. Thus, the proposed research has the potential to make significant societal impact.

关于目击者的指认，存在着一个双管齐下的、非常真实的社会问题：无辜的嫌疑人被错误地指认，并被指控犯有他们没有犯下的罪行，或者有罪的嫌疑人没有被指认，并可以自由地犯下更多的罪行。减少无辜嫌疑人被误认的机会，不幸的是也减少了有罪嫌疑人被识别的机会;同样，增加有罪嫌疑人被识别的机会也增加了无辜嫌疑人被识别的机会。换句话说，目击者的准确性不仅仅是选择正确的嫌疑人;它也是关于不误认错误的嫌疑人。几十年来，目击者记忆研究人员一直在努力解决这种摇摇欲坠的问题，我们的目标是与之斗争。这似乎是一个大胆的主张，但现在它是可能的，因为我们最近在目击者记忆领域引入了新的分析方法。该方法解开了响应偏差的概念（即，目击者从辨认队列中选择某人或不选择某人的倾向）与可辨别性（即，区分无辜嫌疑犯和有罪嫌疑犯的能力）。虽然这种方法对目击者记忆研究人员来说是新的，但这种方法对医学诊断人员来说是可靠的，他们经常使用它来测试一种诊断程序是否能够更好地区分疾病状态和非疾病状态。目击者记忆研究者面临着与医学诊断师相同的概念问题，他们需要确定一种程序是否能够更好地区分有罪和无辜的嫌疑人。我们的新方法使我们能够回答目击者记忆中的重要问题，这些问题以前无法回答，因为没有令人满意的方法来测量辨别力。我们将在一系列旨在研究如何提高辨别力的实验中使用我们的新技术。我们将通过比较常用的识别列队程序和操纵每个程序的组成部分来调查增加辨别力的因素。实验的结果将揭示为什么某些识别游行程序（例如，顺序呈现的视频与同时呈现的视频）和那些过程的组件（例如，快速识别，识别队列中出现的个人数量）增加了可辨别性。这项研究的结果可能最终导致更多的有罪者和更少的无辜者被确定和起诉。因此，拟议的研究有可能产生重大的社会影响。