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CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE 2015-2020

经济绩效中心 2015-2020

基本信息

批准号：
ES/M010341/1
负责人：
John Van Reenen
金额：
$ 729.55万
依托单位：
London School of Economics and Political Science
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FM010341%2F1
关键词：
CENTRE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE 2015 2020

项目摘要

Three core questions bind this proposal together: how to foster growth; how to share growth and how to sustain growth 1 HOW CAN WE FOSTER GROWTH? We plan to develop a new Growth Programme focussing on bolstering innovation in its widest sense, both technological and organisational. It will co-ordinate the Centre's growth work agenda and follow up the LSE Growth Commission's policy proposals. Next, the Trade programme will analyse the impact of globalisation with a targeted focus on how to make a dramatic improvement in British export performance. A core policy question is what the UK's future relationship with other countries will be, in particular with the European Union (EU) and South-East Asia. Third, the Education and Skills programme will examine human capital investment by analysing the recent transformation of the educational system using new tools of competition and organisation theory. Two core questions are: have educational reforms worked - especially for the disadvantaged - and, what can be done to improve the intermediate skills base, a long-standing area of UK weakness.2 HOW CAN WE SHARE THE BENEFITS OF GROWTH? A problem with growth in the decades prior to the global financial crisis was that prosperity was shared very unequally. To study the spatial dimensions of inequality, we propose a new Urban programme. This will emphasise cities as key economic units and address why so much UK growth is concentrated in the South East.This is a key policy issue in the light of the commitment to decentralise power within England by all main UK parties. Following the City Growth Commission, the policy focus will be how local policy makers can help their cities prosper. Alongside the large productivity fall since the crisis, there has been a big fall in real wages - something unique in post-war UK recessions. Some wage stagnation occurred also in the run-up to the crisis, as it has over a longer time in the US. The Labour programme will examine these changes and whether they are linked to the declining share of GDP going to employees across the world. We will look at earnings, income and wealth inequalities across individuals, but also on why women's progress has stalled. In all these aspects, we are interested not just in explaining why growth is unequally shared, but also how we could design institutions and policies that generate a "double dividend" of more growth and less inequality. 3 WHAT KIND OF GROWTH DO WE WANT? Increasing GDP per capita remains important as UK average incomes track this over the long run. But growth must be sustainable, it must deal with environmental challenges, it should expand not undermine people's happiness and it should not be at the expense of social cohesion. Dealing with climate change requires both containing demand for greenhouse gases and stimulating clean technologies and we propose a wide portfolio of green growth projects directed to this. Of course, it is not just technology that affects people's lives - it is also the beliefs and norms that regulate the interactions between people. Growth involves change that has significant impacts on people's lives and neighbourhoods, often causing great stress. Our Community programme will investigate the impact of economic changes (both direct and indirect through changes like immigration) on social cohesion, and will help to develop policies to ensure that growth benefits all communities. CEP has been at the forefront of looking beyond GDP and our Wellbeing programme will ambitiously develop a model of subjective well-being over the life-course, in order to show the quantitative causal impact of factors like parenting, schooling, employment, income and health. Without such knowledge it is impossible for policy-makers to aim effectively at greater wellbeing, even if that is their objective.

三个核心问题将这一建议联系在一起：如何促进增长;如何分享增长以及如何维持增长1我们如何促进增长？我们计划制定一项新的增长计划，重点是在最广泛的意义上支持创新，包括技术和组织。它将协调中心的增长工作议程，并跟进LSE增长委员会的政策建议。接下来，贸易计划将分析全球化的影响，重点关注如何大幅改善英国的出口表现。一个核心的政策问题是英国与其他国家的未来关系，特别是与欧盟和东南亚的关系。第三，教育和技能计划将通过分析教育系统的最新变革，利用竞争和组织理论的新工具来研究人力资本投资。两个核心问题是：教育改革是否有效--特别是对弱势群体--以及如何改善中级技能基础，这是英国长期存在的薄弱领域。2我们如何分享增长的好处？在全球金融危机之前的几十年里，增长的一个问题是繁荣的分享非常不平等。为了研究不平等的空间维度，我们提出了一个新的城市计划。这将强调城市作为关键的经济单位，并解决为什么英国如此多的增长集中在东南部。鉴于英国所有主要政党都承诺在英格兰下放权力，这是一个关键的政策问题。继城市发展委员会之后，政策重点将是地方政策制定者如何帮助他们的城市繁荣。自危机以来，在生产率大幅下降的同时，真实的工资也大幅下降--这在英国战后的衰退中是独一无二的。一些工资停滞也发生在危机前夕，就像美国在更长时间内发生的那样。工党计划将研究这些变化，以及它们是否与全球雇员在GDP中所占份额的下降有关。我们将研究个人之间的收入、收入和财富不平等，以及女性进步停滞不前的原因。在所有这些方面，我们感兴趣的不仅仅是解释为什么增长是不平等的，而且我们如何设计能够产生更多增长和更少不平等的“双重红利”的制度和政策。第三章我们想要什么样的增长？人均GDP的增长仍然很重要，因为英国的平均收入从长远来看是如此。但增长必须是可持续的，必须应对环境挑战，增长不应损害人民的幸福，也不应以牺牲社会凝聚力为代价。应对气候变化既需要控制对温室气体的需求，也需要促进清洁技术，我们为此提出了一系列广泛的绿色增长项目。当然，影响人们生活的不仅仅是技术，还有规范人与人之间互动的信念和规范。增长涉及的变革对人们的生活和社区产生重大影响，往往造成巨大压力。我们的社区计划将调查经济变化（直接和间接通过移民等变化）对社会凝聚力的影响，并将帮助制定政策，以确保增长惠及所有社区。CEP一直站在超越GDP的最前沿，我们的幸福计划将雄心勃勃地开发一个生命过程中的主观幸福感模型，以显示养育子女，上学，就业，收入和健康等因素的定量因果影响。没有这种知识，决策者就不可能有效地致力于提高福祉，即使这是他们的目标。