Governing the Future City: A comparative analysis of governance innovations in large scale urban developments in Shanghai, London, Johannesburg

治理未来城市：上海、伦敦、约翰内斯堡大规模城市开发治理创新比较分析

• 批准号: ES/N006070/1
• 负责人: Jennifer Robinson
• 金额: $ 100.27万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FN006070%2F1
• 关键词: Governing; Future; City; comparative; analysis

We will adopt a comparative approach to investigate social innovations in the context of large-scale urban developments. A large proportion of urban development in different regions of the world is taking place in mega-urban projects, such as new cities, satellite cities, or large new suburbs within existing cities. These developments are building the future city. They are important sites of experimentation in new ways of developing and governing the city as they often stretch across multiple jurisdictions and can take decades to bring to fruition. We specifically explore innovations in: how governments are seeking to manage the tensions between social inclusion and achieving development at scale under resource constraints; how communities are coming together across different neighbourhoods to support one another in the face of the huge changes these developments bring to their environs, including pressures for their displacement; and how developers are playing a growing role in governance. In addition, transnational connections are prolific in large scale urban developments where investors, developers, governments and communities are closely linked in to ideas, policies and practices from other contexts. We will consider how social innovations in all of our case studies are shaped by these wider, often shared, processes. Our core research question addresses concerns over whether this trend towards at-scale urban transformation emphasizes efficient delivery and market-driven financing of infrastructure over public participation in shaping city futures; or whether such large scale controversial developments might in fact be opening up a political space for new forms of governance. Based on in-depth case studies of three large scale developments in different contexts - the Mayoral Development Corporation in Old Oak Park Royal in London; a new suburb, Lingang, in Shanghai; and the ambitious Mayoral project to stitch together segregated Johannesburg through the "Corridors of Freedom" - we compare ways in which the governance of cities is changing. The three projects we have selected to study share similar challenges in terms of financing developments through enhancing land values, designing liveable and sustainable new urban areas, and fostering spatial planning models which integrate the new developments into the wider metropolitan region. In addition, the developments are linked in to shared international policy and development networks. Thus we feel it is productive to compare the range of different kinds of governance outcomes generated by large scale developments across these different planning and development contexts. Our cases consider different models of urban development: state-led new town construction in China, property-led planning-gain development in the UK, and the developmental models balancing service delivery with economic growth agendas in South Africa. This gives the research a very innovative academic component, as it is not common to compare development experiences in cities in different regions of the world; doing so means we can speak to the diversity of urban experiences across the globe, which are strongly influencing each other. Contrasting the declining scope for public participation in planning in the UK with the now well-established democratic urban planning process in South Africa, and emerging land markets, property rights awareness and concerns to generate vibrant urban communities in China expands our perspective of urban transformation to its full spectrum.A distinctive feature of the research is that it has strong policy relevance. The research design creates a framework with a high potential for wider impact, including a dedicated strand of action research to co-produce knowledge with local residents and business groups, and a targeted engagement with planners and policy makers to enable direct learning across the three cases in relation to models of development finance and management.

我们将采取比较的方法，在大规模城市开发的背景下研究社会创新。世界不同地区的很大一部分城市发展是在超大城市项目中进行的，例如新城市、卫星城或现有城市内的大型新郊区。这些发展正在建设未来的城市。它们是开发和治理这座城市的新方式的重要试验场，因为它们往往跨越多个司法管辖区，可能需要数十年才能取得成果。我们具体探讨了以下方面的创新：政府如何设法处理社会包容与在资源限制下实现大规模发展之间的紧张关系；面对这些发展给周围环境带来的巨大变化，包括流离失所的压力，不同社区如何走到一起相互支持；以及开发商如何在治理中发挥越来越大的作用。此外，在大规模城市开发中，跨国联系非常频繁，投资者、开发商、政府和社区与其他背景下的想法、政策和做法密切相关。我们将考虑我们所有案例研究中的社会创新是如何被这些更广泛的、通常是共享的过程塑造的。我们的核心研究问题解决了人们的担忧，即这种大规模城市转型的趋势是否强调基础设施的高效交付和市场驱动的融资，而不是公众参与塑造城市未来；或者如此大规模的有争议的开发实际上是否可能为新的治理形式打开政治空间。基于对三个不同背景下的大型开发项目的深入案例研究--伦敦皇家老橡树公园的市长开发公司；上海的新郊区临港；以及雄心勃勃的市长项目--通过“自由走廊”将隔离的约翰内斯堡连接在一起--我们比较了城市治理正在发生变化的方式。我们所选择研究的三个项目，在透过提升土地价值、设计宜居和可持续发展的新市区，以及培育空间规划模式，使新发展与更广泛的都会区融为一体，为发展项目融资方面，所面对的挑战相似。此外，这些发展与共享的国际政策和发展网络相联系。因此，我们认为，在这些不同的规划和发展背景下，比较大规模发展所产生的不同治理成果的范围是富有成效的。我们的案例考虑了不同的城市发展模式：中国的国家主导的新城建设，英国的房地产主导的规划-收益发展，以及南非的平衡服务提供和经济增长议程的发展模式。这使这项研究具有非常创新的学术成分，因为比较世界不同地区城市的发展经验并不常见；这样做意味着我们可以谈论全球城市经验的多样性，这些经验相互影响很强。将英国公众参与规划的范围不断缩小，与南非现已确立的民主城市规划程序，以及新兴的土地市场、产权意识和对创造充满活力的城市社区的担忧形成对比，中国将我们对城市转型的视角扩展到了整个光谱。这项研究的一个显著特点是具有强烈的政策相关性。研究设计创造了一个具有更广泛影响的高潜力框架，包括一系列专门的行动研究，以便与当地居民和商业团体共同产生知识，并与规划者和政策制定者有针对性地接触，使三个案例能够直接学习与发展融资和管理模式有关的知识。

项目成果

Planact's Social Facilitation Role in the Research Project: "Governing the Future City: A Comparative Analysis of Governance Innovations in Large Scale Urban Developments in Shanghai, London and Johannesburg"

Planact 在研究项目中的社会促进作用：“治理未来城市：上海、伦敦和约翰内斯堡大规模城市发展治理创新的比较分析”

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Planact

Megaprojects and urban visions: Johannesburg's Corridors of Freedom and Modderfontein

• DOI: 10.1353/trn.2017.0024
• 发表时间: 2017-01-01
• 期刊: TRANSFORMATION-CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON SOUTHERN AFRICA
• 影响因子: 0.7
• 作者: Ballard, Richard;Dittgen, Romain;Todes, Alison
• 通讯作者: Todes, Alison

Corridors of Freedom: Analyzing Johannesburg's Ambitious Inclusionary Transit-Oriented Development

• DOI: 10.1177/0739456x19870312
• 发表时间: 2019-08-28
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF PLANNING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Harrison, Philip;Rubin, Margot;Dittgen, Romain
• 通讯作者: Dittgen, Romain

Peri-urban transformation in the Global South: a comparative socio-spatial analytics approach

全球南方的城郊转型：比较社会空间分析方法

• DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2022.2095365
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Regional Studies
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Follmann A

In and beyond local government: making up new spaces of governance

地方政府内外：打造新的治理空间

• DOI: 10.1080/03003930.2019.1644321
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Local Government Studies
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Cochrane A