DEPICT: DEsigning and Policy Implementation for encouraging Cycling and walking Trips

步行和骑自行车是城市中最具可持续性的交通方式，应置于向低碳城市交通系统过渡的核心位置。这是因为步行和骑自行车可以改善每个城市居民的生活机会、健康和福祉——无论他们的社会经济地位、性别、种族、年龄如何——对其他居民的生活几乎没有任何不利影响。关于如何鼓励在城市中步行和骑自行车的研究正在蓬勃发展，并提供了许多令人信服的见解。然而，关于基础设施在促进城市步行和骑自行车方面的作用的见解是有限的，因为重点通常放在自行车道、人行道、自行车共享计划、道路设计、城市设计等“硬件”上；治理、监管、信息提供、维护和修复等“软件”，以及嵌入其中的知识、诀窍、意义、价值观、愿望和情感，并不总是得到应有的重视。此外，研究往往以全球北方的城市为背景，并假设从那里产生的见解和概念普遍有效，并且很容易转移到全球南方的城市。这个国际研究项目将采用对基础设施更广泛的理解，并在英国、荷兰和巴西<s:1>圣保罗州的比较研究的基础上发展原始的实证和理论见解。牛津团队开展的活动侧重于伦敦社区主导的倡议，鼓励步行和骑自行车，并创建有利于这些实践的基础设施。牛津大学的研究人员将对这两个城市最近社区主导的倡议的异质性进行盘点，包括这些倡议的组成、参与者、目标和受益者等问题。牛津大学的团队还将批判性地评估这些举措是否以及如何有助于向低碳城市交通的大规模过渡。将采用混合方法，包括文件分析、访谈和焦点小组，团队将以各种方式与当地社区、政策制定者、利益团体和其他利益相关者接触。可以预期的是，除了创造学术成果外，该项目还将通过分享经验和良好做法，促进社区主导的倡议之间的社会学习；更多地反思政策、治理和监管如何影响社区主导的举措；为这些倡议建立更有效的支持结构。

Walking and cycling are the most sustainable modes of transport in cities and should be placed at the heart of a transition towards low-carbon urban mobility systems. This is because walking and cycling can improve the life chances and health and wellbeing of each city inhabitant -- irrespective of their socioeconomic status, gender, ethnicity, age -- with hardly any adverse impact on the lives of fellow inhabitants. Research on how walking and cycling in cities can be encouraged is burgeoning and provides many compelling insights. However, insights about the role of infrastructure in stimulating urban walking and cycling are limited because the focus is typically on the 'hardware' of cycle lanes, sidewalks, bike sharing schemes, road design, urban design and so forth; the 'software' of governance, regulation, information provision, maintenance and repair as well as the embedded knowledge, know-how, meanings, values, aspirations and emotions are not always given the emphasis they deserve. Moreover, the research is often set in cities in the global North and assumes insights and concepts that has emerged from there as universally valid and easily transferable to cities in the global South. This international research project will adopt a broader understanding of infrastructure and develop original empirical and theoretical insights on the basis of comparative research in the UK, the Netherlands and the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The activities undertaken by the Oxford team focus on the role of community-led initiatives in London to encourage walking and cycling and in creating infrastructures that are conducive to these practices. The Oxford researchers will make an inventory of the heterogeneity of recent community-led initiatives in both cities, covering such issues as what they consist of, who are involved, what the goals are, and who benefits. The Oxford team will also critically evaluate if and how such initiatives can contribute to a large-scale transition towards low-carbon urban mobility. A mixed-method approach consisting of document analysis, interviews and focus groups will be adopted, and the team will engage with local communities, policymakers, interest groups and other stakeholders in various ways. It can be expected that, apart from creating academic outputs, the project will contribute to: social learning among community-led initiatives through the sharing of experiences and good practices; to greater reflexivity about how policy, governance and regulation affect community-led initiatives; and to the creation of more effective support structures for such initiatives.