Gentrification, Displacement, and the Impacts of Council Estate Renewal in C21st London

英格兰的市政大厦正面临着一场新的城市重建，这可能会重蹈战后城市重建的覆辙，后者扰乱了当地社区，加剧了贫民窟清理本应解决的社会问题。现在，部长们正在计划拆除和重新开发大型市中心的房产，将其作为新的混合社区，在这些社区中，社会住房与豪华开发项目点缀在一起，以市价出售获利。伦敦拥有全国最高的地价和最大的住房压力，处于这场“新”城市更新的前沿。尽管地产重建的支持者将其视为解决社会两极分化的地产匮乏问题，并在没有公共资金的情况下增加住房供应的一种方式，但批评人士指责，这相当于悄悄地进行中产阶级化，因为地产重建将不可避免地导致中产阶级专业群体从市中心迁出，而城市委员会的住房长期以来一直为低收入和工薪阶层提供住房。尽管鲍里斯·约翰逊(Boris Johnson)也担心伦敦市中心可能会发生一场“科索沃式的社会大清洗”，但伦敦工人阶级人口直接和间接迁移的总体程度仍有待确定。此外，人们对遗产更新计划对参与者的影响知之甚少，尽管人们普遍担心，这可能会扰乱和瓦解有凝聚力和韧性的工人阶级人口。这项研究将解决关于伦敦中产阶级化、流离失所和遗产更新的影响的知识空白。它将与租户团体和其他当地利益攸关方密切合作，将大规模统计分析与更深入的案例研究方法结合起来，衡量伦敦工薪阶层人口的士绅化和相关流离失所的规模和模式，以记录城市更新计划对个别小区、他们将被搬迁到的社区以及伦敦重建的议会小区出现的新的“混合”社区的影响。除了有助于提供关于绅士化和流离失所过程的学术知识，这项研究还将对我们将以不同方式接触的三大受益者群体产生切实的影响。首先，将为面临市区重建计划的议会屋苑的居民提供咨询手册和其他支持，以帮助他们组织起来，确保未来的屋苑重建计划以有利于而不是取代现有居民的方式进行。第二，参与屋苑重建计划的开发商/注册社会业主将获得对伦敦屋苑重建计划影响的系统评估。这将有助于规划未来的重建项目，以减轻对伦敦的屋苑居民及其社区以及屋苑居民经常被转移到的接收社区的流离失所和其他负面影响。最后，该项目还将通过与GLA合作进行的一系列有计划的政策参与活动和简报会，帮助塑造英国及其他地区未来的政策议程，为议会屋苑更新规划涉及的具体政策指导和做法提供信息，向更多公众受众提供信息。研究还将通过社交媒体(如Twitter)以及相关网站和博客进行宣传，这些网站和博客将链接到研究成果。此外，我们将与大卫·莫代尔合作(见支持函)，在第四频道制作一部纪录片，记录由于伦敦议会地产更新而导致的士绅化和流离失所问题，这项研究也将被提供给舞台下，这样他们就可以制作戏剧作品(如他们之前的作品一样，将包括租户本身)(见支持信)。

England's council estates are facing a 'new' urban renewal that threatens to repeat many of the mistakes of post-war urban renewal, which disrupted local communities and exacerbated the social problems slum clearance was meant to solve. Now it is large inner city estates that ministers are slating for demolition and redevelopment as new 'mixed communities', in which social housing is interspersed with luxury developments sold on for profit at market prices. With the nation's highest land values and greatest housing pressure, London is at the forefront of this 'new' urban renewal. While proponents of estate renewal see it as a way to address deprivation on socially polarised estates and increase the housing supply without public funding, critics charge that it amounts to gentrification by stealth insofar as estate renewal will inevitably see middle class professional groups displace from the inner city the low income and working-class populations that council housing has long provided for. Despite worries, even from Boris Johnson, about the prospect of 'Kosovo-style social cleansing' from inner London, the overall extent of both direct and indirect displacement of working class populations from London has yet to be ascertained. Moreover, little is known about the consequences of estate renewal schemes for those involved, despite widely-voiced concerns that this may be disrupting and breaking-up cohesive and resilient working class populations. This research will address gaps in knowledge about gentrification, displacement and the impacts of estate renewal in London. Working closely with tenants groups and other local stakeholders, it will combine large -scale statistical analysis to measure the scale and patterns of gentrification and associated displacement of working/servicing class populations from London with more intensive, case study methods to document the impacts of urban renewal schemes on individual estates, their residents, the communities across the Southeast to which they are being displaced, and the new 'mixed' communities emerging on redeveloped council estates in London.As well as contributing to academic knowledge about the processes of gentrification and displacement, the research will also make a tangible impact on 3 major groups of beneficiaries that we will engage with in different ways.First, residents of council estates facing urban renewal programmes will be supported with an advice handbook and other support to help them organise to ensure that future estate regeneration schemes are conducted in ways that benefit, rather than displace, existing residents.Second, developers/Registered Social Landlords involved in estate regeneration will receive a systematic assessment of the impacts of London's estate renewal schemes. This will enable future redevelopments to be planned so as to mitigate displacement and other negative impacts, both on estate residents and their communities in London and on the recipient communities to which estate residents have often been displaced.Finally, the project will also help shape the future policy agenda in the UK and beyond through a series of planned policy engagement activities and briefings, conducted in collaboration with the GLA, to inform the specific policy guidance and practices involved in council estate renewal planning,To reach more general public audiences research will also be publicised through social media (e.g. Twitter) and through an associated website and blog which will link to research outputs. In addition we will work with David Modell (see letter of support) on a Channel 4 documentary on gentrification and displacement due to council estate renewal in London, and the research will also be fed through to Off Stage, so that they can work on a theatre production (which as in their previous production will include tenants themselves) (see letter of support).