Gentrification, Displacement, and the Impacts of Council Estate Renewal in C21st London

21 世纪伦敦的绅士化、流离失所以及议会庄园更新的影响

• 批准号: ES/N015053/1
• 负责人: Loretta Lees
• 金额: $ 78.41万
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FN015053%2F1
• 关键词: Gentrification; Displacement; Impacts; Council; Estate

England's council estates are facing a 'new' urban renewal that threatens to repeat many of the mistakes of post-war urban renewal, which disrupted local communities and exacerbated the social problems slum clearance was meant to solve. Now it is large inner city estates that ministers are slating for demolition and redevelopment as new 'mixed communities', in which social housing is interspersed with luxury developments sold on for profit at market prices. With the nation's highest land values and greatest housing pressure, London is at the forefront of this 'new' urban renewal. While proponents of estate renewal see it as a way to address deprivation on socially polarised estates and increase the housing supply without public funding, critics charge that it amounts to gentrification by stealth insofar as estate renewal will inevitably see middle class professional groups displace from the inner city the low income and working-class populations that council housing has long provided for. Despite worries, even from Boris Johnson, about the prospect of 'Kosovo-style social cleansing' from inner London, the overall extent of both direct and indirect displacement of working class populations from London has yet to be ascertained. Moreover, little is known about the consequences of estate renewal schemes for those involved, despite widely-voiced concerns that this may be disrupting and breaking-up cohesive and resilient working class populations. This research will address gaps in knowledge about gentrification, displacement and the impacts of estate renewal in London. Working closely with tenants groups and other local stakeholders, it will combine large -scale statistical analysis to measure the scale and patterns of gentrification and associated displacement of working/servicing class populations from London with more intensive, case study methods to document the impacts of urban renewal schemes on individual estates, their residents, the communities across the Southeast to which they are being displaced, and the new 'mixed' communities emerging on redeveloped council estates in London.As well as contributing to academic knowledge about the processes of gentrification and displacement, the research will also make a tangible impact on 3 major groups of beneficiaries that we will engage with in different ways.First, residents of council estates facing urban renewal programmes will be supported with an advice handbook and other support to help them organise to ensure that future estate regeneration schemes are conducted in ways that benefit, rather than displace, existing residents.Second, developers/Registered Social Landlords involved in estate regeneration will receive a systematic assessment of the impacts of London's estate renewal schemes. This will enable future redevelopments to be planned so as to mitigate displacement and other negative impacts, both on estate residents and their communities in London and on the recipient communities to which estate residents have often been displaced.Finally, the project will also help shape the future policy agenda in the UK and beyond through a series of planned policy engagement activities and briefings, conducted in collaboration with the GLA, to inform the specific policy guidance and practices involved in council estate renewal planning,To reach more general public audiences research will also be publicised through social media (e.g. Twitter) and through an associated website and blog which will link to research outputs. In addition we will work with David Modell (see letter of support) on a Channel 4 documentary on gentrification and displacement due to council estate renewal in London, and the research will also be fed through to Off Stage, so that they can work on a theatre production (which as in their previous production will include tenants themselves) (see letter of support).

英格兰的议会大厦正面临着“新的”城市重建，这有可能重复战后城市重建的许多错误，这扰乱了当地社区，加剧了贫民窟清理本来要解决的社会问题。现在，部长们计划拆除大型内城庄园，并将其重新开发为新的“混合社区”，其中社会住房与豪华开发项目散布在一起，以市场价格出售以获取利润。伦敦拥有全国最高的土地价值和最大的住房压力，处于这一“新”城市更新的最前沿。虽然遗产更新的支持者认为这是解决社会两极分化的贫困问题并在没有公共资金的情况下增加住房供应的一种方式，但批评者指责说，这相当于隐形的中产阶级化，因为遗产更新将不可避免地看到中产阶级专业群体从内城区取代议会住房长期以来提供的低收入和工薪阶层人口。尽管鲍里斯·约翰逊（Boris Johnson）也对伦敦市中心“科索沃式的社会清洗”的前景感到担忧，但伦敦工人阶级人口直接和间接流离失所的总体程度尚未确定。此外，人们对遗产更新计划对相关人员的影响知之甚少，尽管人们普遍担心这可能会扰乱和瓦解有凝聚力和弹性的工人阶级人口。 这项研究将解决有关伦敦中产阶级化、流离失所和房地产更新影响的知识差距。它将与租户团体和其他当地利益相关者密切合作，将大规模统计分析与更深入的案例研究方法结合起来，以衡量中产阶级化的规模和模式以及伦敦工人/服务阶层人口的相关流离失所，以记录城市更新计划对各个庄园、其居民、他们流离失所的东南部社区以及重建委员会中出现的新“混合”社区的影响 除了为有关中产阶级化和流离失所过程的学术知识做出贡献外，该研究还将对我们将以不同方式参与的三大受益群体产生切实的影响。首先，面临城市更新计划的议会庄园的居民将获得建议手册和其他支持，以帮助他们组织起来，以确保未来的庄园再生计划以有利于而不是取代现有的方式进行。 其次，参与房地产更新的开发商/注册社会房东将收到伦敦房地产更新计划影响的系统评估。这将使未来的重建得以规划，以减轻对伦敦的庄园居民及其社区以及庄园居民经常流离失所的接收社区的流离失所和其他负面影响。最后，该项目还将通过与 GLA 合作开展的一系列计划中的政策参与活动和简报，帮助制定英国及其他地区的未来政策议程，以告知议会庄园涉及的具体政策指导和实践 更新规划，为了吸引更多的公众受众，研究还将通过社交媒体（例如 Twitter）以及链接到研究成果的相关网站和博客进行宣传。此外，我们将与 David Modell（参见支持信）合作制作一部关于伦敦议会地产更新导致的中产阶级化和流离失所的第四频道纪录片，研究成果也将反馈给 Off Stage，以便他们可以进行戏剧制作（与之前的作品一样，将包括租户本身）（参见支持信）。

项目成果

Defensible Space on the Move: Mobilisation in English Housing Policy and Practice

移动中的防御空间：英国住房政策和实践中的动员

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Lees Loretta

Beverley's Story Survivability on one of London's newest gentrification frontiers

贝弗利的故事 伦敦最新士绅化前沿之一的生存能力

• DOI: 10.1080/13604813.2021.1987702
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: City
• 作者: Lees L

Sold out? The right-to-buy, gentrification and working-class displacements in London

售罄？

• DOI: 10.1177/0038026120906790
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: The Sociological Review
• 作者: Cooper A

Measuring and mapping displacement: The problem of quantification in the battle against gentrification

• DOI: 10.1177/0042098019851953
• 发表时间: 2019-07-08
• 期刊: URBAN STUDIES
• 影响因子: 4.7
• 作者: Easton, Sue;Lees, Loretta;Tate, Nicholas
• 通讯作者: Tate, Nicholas

The social cleansing of London council estates: everyday experiences of 'accumulative dispossession'

伦敦议会庄园的社会清洗：“累积剥夺”的日常经历

• DOI: 10.1080/02673037.2019.1680814
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Housing Studies
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Lees L