From threat and burden to opportunity: A Paradigm Shift in Institutional Responses to the Urban Economics of Protracted Displacement in Cities

从威胁和负担到机遇：对城市长期流离失所的城市经济制度反应的范式转变

• 批准号: 2886136
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2886136
• 关键词: threat; burden; opportunity; Paradigm; Shift

This research will explore the rationale for, and possible routes towards, the inclusion of refugees in city development plans in countries with encampment policies. It will focus on refugees in African contexts, through a case study of Nairobi. Urban planners routinely navigate between competing demands of national and city priorities, which at times sees cities adopt approaches that diverge from national policy frameworks. In both the global north and south, city-scale responses to refugees and asylum seekers often provide an acute example of this clash of interests. While the national state claims refugee policy as a question of sovereignty, the city may seek to create an inclusive urban society. By improving our understanding of how cities diverge from national policy frameworks in this sensitive area, this project will also shed light on how these different scales of policy interact in other areas where city and national priorities may clash, such as environment, health, education. The vast majority of forcibly displaced people globally are living in developing countries. In particular, Africa has witnessed multiple large-scale refugee movements since the 1960s. The mass arrival of refugees creates huge challenges for communities and local and national governments. In response, many African states have adopted encampment policies that requirerefugees to live in camps that provide shelter and meet basic needs (usually with support from UNHCR), and prohibit them living elsewhere. Nevertheless, a large proportion of refugees choose to settle among the wider community, often in cities (Bakewell, 2014).

这项研究将探索在有营地政策的国家将难民纳入城市发展计划的理由和可能的途径。它将通过内罗毕的一个案例研究，重点关注非洲背景下的难民。城市规划者经常在国家优先事项和城市优先事项的相互冲突的需求之间导航，有时会看到城市采取与国家政策框架不同的方法。在全球北部和南部，对难民和寻求庇护者的城市规模的反应往往是这种利益冲突的一个尖锐例子。虽然国家声称难民政策是一个主权问题，但这座城市可能会寻求创建一个包容的城市社会。通过加深我们对城市如何在这一敏感领域偏离国家政策框架的理解，该项目还将阐明这些不同规模的政策在城市和国家优先事项可能冲突的其他领域是如何相互作用的，例如环境、卫生、教育。全球绝大多数被迫流离失所的人生活在发展中国家。特别是，自1960年代以来，非洲发生了多次大规模难民流动。难民的大量涌入给社区以及地方和国家政府带来了巨大的挑战。为此，许多非洲国家采取了露营政策，要求难民住在提供住所和满足基本需要的营地(通常是在难民署的支持下)，并禁止他们在其他地方生活。然而，很大一部分难民选择在更广泛的社区中定居，通常是在城市(Bakewell，2014)。