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Breaking Bad: How transnational drug trafficking creates violent masculinities in local Caribbean communities in Port of Spain

《绝命毒师》：跨国贩毒如何在西班牙港当地加勒比社区造成暴力男子气概

基本信息

批准号：
ES/P001424/1
负责人：
Adam Baird
金额：
$ 10.27万
依托单位：
Coventry University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FP001424%2F1
关键词：
Breaking Bad How transnational drug

项目摘要

The research project studies the impact of transnational organised crime and drug-trafficking (TNOC) on poor urban communities in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, which has seen crime and violence soar since the mid-1990s as the city became transhipment point in the illegal drugs trade. We address the impact of TNOC on vulnerable populations, culture and security by considering the 'transnational-to-community' impact of drug-trafficking. In particular we consider how TNOC contributes to a number of male residents becoming increasingly violent at a micro level as 92% of homicide victims are men: how do relatively benign 'corner kids' turn into violent gang members? In turn we ask, how can these communities work with young men to insulate themselves from the negative impact and violence generation of TNOC?This research uses masculinities as an interpretive lens and draws upon scholars across the disciplines of Peace Studies, Cultural Anthropology, and International Relations. The methodology is rooted in Trinidadian 'Spoken Word' traditions, and art and music, to grasp how male identity, culture, community violence and TNOC intersect.Before high levels of TNOC emerged, the region had relatively low levels of violent crime. However, this changed rapidly with the onset of cocaine trafficking in early 1990s across the Caribbean which dovetailed with the multiple clefts of colonial legacies, exclusion and poverty, worsened by the collapse of traditional agricultural exports, racial divisions and widespread institutional weaknesses. Violent death rates in cities in the region have grown to outstrip many warzones, whilst some of the highest rates of sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) in the world are found in the Caribbean.The answers to understanding violence must be sought at the interface between cocaine-driven TNOC and vulnerable communities, as poor residents have become disproportionately affected by violence. TNOC has weakened the rule of law, posing stiff challenges to already struggling institutions, whilst transforming local communities, hence the rather topical title of this research proposal 'Breaking Bad'. However, we still understand relatively little about the transformative processes between TNOC and community level violence.Furthermore, we understand little about how masculinities become violent in communities traversed by TNOC. It is at the intersection between TNOC, community, and masculinities, that the new violence of Port-of-Spain can be most productively understood. Certainly it is an area where we must strengthen policy and programming. Whilst there is no silver-bullet solution to violence in these cities, masculinities are clearly an important part of the solution and are almost completely overlooked. This research project strives to create pragmatic, evidence based recommendations to lead to concrete impact by promoting innovative, community-led and gender-based solutions for the populations that most suffer from violence, whilst serving to interrupt the negative impact that TNOC has on poor neighbourhoods.

该研究项目研究了跨国有组织犯罪和贩毒（TNOC）对特立尼达西班牙港贫困城市社区的影响，自20世纪90年代中期以来，随着该市成为非法毒品贸易的转运点，犯罪和暴力事件激增。我们通过考虑毒品贩运的“跨国社区”影响来解决TNOC对弱势群体，文化和安全的影响。特别是，我们认为TNOC如何有助于一些男性居民变得越来越暴力，在微观层面上，92%的凶杀案受害者是男性：如何相对温和的“角落孩子”变成暴力团伙成员？反过来，我们问，这些社区如何与年轻人合作，使自己免受TNOC的负面影响和暴力的产生？这项研究使用男性作为一个解释透镜，并借鉴了跨学科的和平研究，文化人类学和国际关系的学者。该方法植根于特立尼达的“口语”传统，以及艺术和音乐，以掌握男性身份，文化，社区暴力和TNOC如何交叉。在TNOC出现之前，该地区的暴力犯罪水平相对较低。然而，随着1990年代初整个加勒比地区可卡因贩运的开始，这种情况迅速发生了变化，其后果是殖民遗产、排斥和贫困等多重因素，而传统农业出口的崩溃、种族分裂和普遍存在的体制弱点又使情况更加恶化。该地区城市的暴力死亡率已经超过了许多战区，而加勒比地区的性暴力和基于性别的暴力（SGBV）发生率是世界上最高的。必须在可卡因驱动的TNOC和弱势社区之间的界面上寻找理解暴力的答案，因为贫困居民受到暴力的影响不成比例。TNOC削弱了法治，对已经陷入困境的机构构成了严峻的挑战，同时改变了当地社区，因此这项研究提案的标题相当热门。然而，我们仍然对TNOC和社区层面暴力之间的转化过程知之甚少，而且，我们对TNOC所穿越的社区中男性如何变得暴力也知之甚少。正是在TNOC、社区和男性气质的交叉点上，西班牙港的新暴力才能得到最有效的理解。当然，这是我们必须加强政策和方案规划的一个领域。虽然在这些城市没有解决暴力的灵丹妙药，但男性气质显然是解决方案的重要组成部分，几乎完全被忽视。该研究项目力求提出务实、循证的建议，通过促进创新、社区主导和基于性别的解决方案，为最受暴力侵害的人口带来具体影响，同时中断TNOC对贫困社区的负面影响。