PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF PHOTORECEPTION

钙敏感染料FLO-3和Fura-2已被引入到视网膜中， 通过脂溶性酯的水解转移的活青蛙视网膜杆。 使用增强的视频显微镜和定量图像分析， 完整的视杆细胞和离体的外节对 为了研究钙离子， 在这些细胞中进行调节。脂溶性酯的水解 指示剂染料在细胞与细胞之间是非常不均匀的， 观察到棒：一种类型占所有棒的12%，累积5-10个 是在一个范围内的其他98-99%的杆群体的指示剂的两倍。 有一定的潜伏期。这两个群体可以用一个 用乙酰氧基甲基酯化的各种指示剂。钙 标记细胞中的指示剂对细胞内的变化反应很弱， 外部钙活性，除非质膜已被泄漏 与含钙离子载体结合。 制备了具有叠层PVDF膜的新型热释电探测器， 增加器件的热敏性并抑制拾音。一 补偿突然加热和冷却效应的录音放大器 在热量计上改变组织周围的沐浴溶液 探测器已经设计完成，正在建设中。延长 热释电方法解决微量热法正在进行中。 4（5）溴咪唑已被测试为水性细胞质的标记物 细胞中的空间，这些空间后来被冷冻干燥， 微观分析使用多种载水葡聚糖聚合物作为测试 系统，通过分析残留溴估计水含量的准确性 已确认干燥聚合物的含量。含水量 对活体视网膜的各种成分进行了估计，结果表明， 其他选择性较低的方法。溴咪唑应该是有用的， 水标记在许多其他类型的组织。

Calcium-sensitive dyes, FLO-3 and Fura-2 have been introduced into retinal rods of living frog retinas by hydrolytic transfer of lipid-soluble esters. Using intensified video microscopy and quantitative image analysis, responses of intact rod cells and of isolated outer segments to changes in external calcium ion activity have been followed in order to study calcium regulation in these cells. The hydrolysis of lipid-soluble esters of the indicator dyes is very non-uniform from cell to cell, and two classes of rods are observed: one type constituting 12% of all rods accumulating 5-10 times as much indicator as the other 98-99% of the rod population within a given incubation period. The two populations can be demonstrated with a variety of indicators esterified with acetoxymethyl groups. Calcium indicators in the heavily labeled cells respond only weakly to changes in external calcium activity unless the plasma membranes have been made leaky with calcium-bearing ionophores. New pyroelectric detectors with stacked PVDF films have been prepared to increase heat sensitivity of the devices and to reject acoustic pickup. A recording amplifier that compensates for sudden heating and cooling effects caused changing the bathing solutions around tissues on the calorimeter detector has been designed and is under construction. Extension of pyroelectric methods to solution microcalorimetry is under way. 4(5) bromoimidazole has been tested as a marker for the aqueous cytoplasmic spaces in cells that are later freeze-dried for electron-probe microanalysis. Using a variety of water-loaded dextran polymers as test systems, the accuracy of estimating water content by analyzing residual Br content of the dried polymers has been confirmed. Water content of the various components of living retinas has been estimated and shown to agree with other, less selective methods. Bromoimidazole should be useful as a water marker in many other types of tissues.