Weather Matters: alleviating the consequences of climate change for housing and mobility in the Himalayas

在全球南部的印度和尼泊尔等国，人们正在应对气候变化以灾难的形式出现的后果，以及随着时间的推移天气模式逐渐变化的后果。这些变化贯穿了其他变化：新道路、新建材、劳动力市场、经济货币化--所有这些都带来了新的不确定性。那么，如何缓解这些问题呢？正如朗赫斯特、钱伯斯和斯威夫特(1986)所主张的那样，发展和政策思考与实地发生的事情之间存在问题的脱节，部分原因是季节性和天气因素。季风从字面上阻碍了移动。季节，特别是在气候变化的情况下，不适合适当的官僚结构。这意味着与天气有关的问题，如不合适的住房和与降雨有关的山体滑坡，有被忽视的风险。该项目着眼于不舒适和高排放的国内水泥结构，以及与降雨有关的山体滑坡，以及这些山体滑坡对劳动力迁移的影响。它将为减少印度新建建筑的排放和根据季风滑坡重新思考喜马拉雅工作模式做出重要贡献。在已建成环境中使用水泥会产生高二氧化碳排放(Griffin 1987)，并在炎热和寒冷的温度下感到不适，具有潜在的健康风险和调节室内气候的额外能源需求。与此同时，“现代性”的诱惑意味着水泥建筑在南亚普遍存在(就像在全球范围内一样)。有了这笔奖学金，我将通过与印度的同事合作，提高人们对水泥无用特性的认识，并推广其他建筑材料，努力减轻这种材料的负面影响。喜马拉雅地区的移民模式意味着，对许多村庄来说，家庭成员在其他地方，赚取的工资回馈到家庭经济中。这些和这笔钱购买的商品，以及医疗和教育等政府服务，都依赖于进出山区的交通。在冬季和季风期间，降雨的变化会导致山体滑坡堵塞道路，从而威胁到这些系统。拟议的项目将通过网络和天气问题在线中心在印度、尼泊尔和英国内部和之间建立研究社区。它将通过联系ICIMOD、TERI、JNU和Beyond从事与气候变化有关的主题(如山体滑坡和住房)的人员，建立学术界以外的网络。该项目的目的是与政策制定者建设性地接触水泥建设对该地区更广泛的福利、生活质量和经济发展的影响，并最终减少印度建筑中水泥的使用，理由是排放和不适、能源成本和健康风险。此外，鉴于气候变化加剧的山体滑坡堵塞了山路，我计划激发人们对喜马拉雅地区就业模式的讨论。这应该有助于政府制定促进就业和居住模式的基础设施政策。

People in countries like India and Nepal across the Global South are dealing with the consequences of climate change in the shape of disasters and of gradual shifting in weather patterns over time. These changes cross-cut other changes: new roads, new building materials, labour markets, monetisation of the economy - all creating new uncertainties. How, then, to alleviate these issues? As Longhurst, Chambers and Swift (1986) argued, the problematic disconnect between development and policy thinking and what happens 'out there' on the ground is, in part, due to seasonal and weather factors. The monsoon literally obstructs movement. Seasons, particularly with climate change, do not fit the appropriate bureaucratic structures. This means weather-related issues such as unsuitable housing and rain-related landslides are at risk of being ignored. This project looks at uncomfortable and high-emission domestic cement structures alongside rain-related landslides and the effects of these on labour migration. It will make important contributions to reducing emissions from new builds in India and rethinking Himalayan work patterns in the light of monsoon landslides.The use of cement in the built environment carries a cost of high CO2 emissions (Griffin 1987), and of discomfort in the heat and in cold temperatures, with potential health risks and added energy demands to regulate the indoor climate. At the same time the lure of 'modernity' means cement construction is widespread in South Asia (as it is globally). With this fellowship, I will work towards alleviating the negative effects of this material through working with colleagues in India to raise awareness of the unhelpful qualities of cement and promote other building materials.Migratory patterns in the Himalayas mean that for many villages family members are elsewhere, earning wages that they feed back into the household economy. These and the goods this money buys as well as government services such as healthcare and education depend on transport into and out of the hills. Changing rainfall, in winter as well as during the monsoon, threaten these systems by causing landslides that block the road. The proposed project will build up the research community in and between India, Nepal and the UK through networking and the Weather Matters online hub. It will build networks beyond academia through linking up people working on climate-change related topics such as landslides and housing at ICIMOD, TERI, JNU and beyond.The aim of this project is to engage constructively with policymakers on the impact of cement construction on wider welfare, quality of life and economic development in the region and ultimately to reduce the use of cement in construction in India, on the grounds of emissions and discomfort, energy costs and health risk. In addition, I plan to galvanise the conversation about patterns of employment in the Himalayas in the light of climate-change exacerbated landslides that block mountain roads. This should contribute to government policy on the infrastructures that facilitate employment and habitationpatterns.