权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Tackling Fire in Informal Urban Settlements: An Interdisciplinary Approach

解决非正式城市住区的火灾：跨学科方法

基本信息

批准号：
ES/P01061X/1
负责人：
Graham Spinardi
金额：
$ 50.02万
依托单位：
University of Edinburgh
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FP01061X%2F1
关键词：
Tackling Fire Informal Urban Settlements

项目摘要

Around one billion people across the globe live in shack settlements. Many of these settlements are at constant risk of lethal fires, due to the use of flammable construction materials and contents, open flame lighting, heating and cooking methods, the close proximity of the shacks, and the lack of effective fire services, amongst other factors. Our project focuses on this problem in South Africa (specifically the Cape Town area) where shack fires are an everyday occurrence leading to death and injuries, displacement, and damage to property, possessions, businesses, and communities. Improving fire safety is extremely difficult in a context where building regulations are largely irrelevant, where residents typically lack available or affordable electricity - forcing them to use candles, stoves or open fires for lighting, heating and cooking - and where socio-legal arrangements discourage the use of more permanent and less flammable construction materials, such as brick. Potential solutions to the problem of informal settlement fires (both in South Africa and elsewhere internationally) must not only be technically sound, but also need to take account of these broader social factors that shape the ways that residents build, maintain, and interact with their built environment.Our research is unique in its inter-disciplinary scope in that we seek to develop a systematic understanding of both the socio-political and technical factors involved in making informal settlements vulnerable to fire. By compiling existing data, undertaking multi-site surveys, carrying out comparative analysis, and conducting modelling experiments this project will develop grounded, effective solutions. Our research will assess the effectiveness and practical feasibility of 'technical fixes' like fire retardant paint, smoke alarms, and heat detectors, as well as developing guidelines that communities can use to re-structure their shack settlements to provide effective fire breaks. Being informed by technical best practice and the socio-political realities of life in shack settlements, our findings will enable residents to take action on fire safety and outline where the myriad of actors interested in such issues can most usefully contribute their time, insight, and resources.

地球仪上约有10亿人居住在棚户区。由于使用易燃建筑材料和物品、明火照明、取暖和烹饪方法、棚屋距离很近以及缺乏有效的消防服务等因素，许多定居点经常面临致命火灾的风险。我们的项目重点关注南非（特别是开普敦地区）的这一问题，那里的棚屋火灾每天都在发生，导致死亡和受伤，流离失所，以及财产，财产，企业和社区的损失。改善消防安全极为困难，因为建筑法规在很大程度上与之无关，居民通常缺乏可用或负担得起的电力-迫使他们使用蜡烛、炉子或明火照明、取暖和做饭，而且社会法律安排不鼓励使用砖等更持久和易燃性更低的建筑材料。非正规住区火灾问题的可能解决办法（无论是在南非还是在国际其他地方）不仅必须在技术上合理，而且还需要考虑到这些更广泛的社会因素，这些因素决定了居民建造，维护，并与他们的建筑环境互动。我们的研究是独特的，在其跨学科的范围内，我们寻求发展一个系统的理解，无论是社会，非正规住区易受火灾影响的政治和技术因素。通过汇编现有数据，进行多地点调查，进行比较分析，并进行模拟实验，该项目将制定有基础的有效解决方案。我们的研究将评估“技术修复”的有效性和实际可行性，如防火涂料，烟雾报警器和热探测器，以及制定社区可以用来重新构建他们的棚屋定居点，以提供有效的防火措施的指导方针。通过了解技术最佳实践和棚户区生活的社会政治现实，我们的研究结果将使居民能够就消防安全采取行动，并概述对这些问题感兴趣的众多参与者可以最有效地贡献他们的时间，洞察力和资源。