Assessing the impact of the food system on poverty, nutrition and health, and environmental sustainability in urban Ethiopia

评估粮食系统对埃塞俄比亚城市贫困、营养和健康以及环境可持续性的影响

• 批准号: ES/R002118/1
• 负责人: Wafaie Fawzi
• 金额: $ 38.64万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FR002118%2F1
• 关键词: Assessing; impact; food; system; poverty

Food systems have enormous implications for human health and wellbeing and planetary health. They involve a complex set of factors from farm to table. A greater understanding of the effects of food systems on nutrition, health, poverty, and the environment is necessary to inform the development of optimal food systems that can improve human nutrition and health, promote sustainable environments, and support livelihoods. The intersection of these areas is particularly crucial in fragile states where food security plays an important role in poverty alleviation, social cohesion, and national security. Understanding how food systems can be optimized to improve food security, nutrition, and livelihoods may have important implications for transitioning countries and populations toward greater stability.We propose to conduct an assessment of a developing country food system and its effects on nutrition, health, and the environment, in the context of rapid urbanization and fragile governance structures. Food security, including both quantity and quality of diets, is an important determinant of poverty and economic development. While food security has been a priority for many developing countries, policies aimed at increasing crop yields have rarely been aligned with nutritional and health needs. Malnutrition is responsible for nearly half of all child deaths. At the same time, obesity and noncommunicable diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, are increasing-often in the same communities where undernutrition remains prevalent. This double burden of malnutrition is increasing in much of sub-Saharan Africa and is exacerbated by rapid rates of urbanization.Food systems are both impacted by the natural environment and also a cause of its degradation. Agricultural production is placing increased pressure on the environment as it struggles to keep pace with population growth and shifts. Current trends of unsustainable resource consumption are harming our planetary health, threatening food security, and impacting our wellbeing.There is little evidence connecting food systems, poverty, human health, and the natural environment. The complexity of these issues has hindered research in this area and existing dietary data does not comprehensively capture relevant food system factors.The proposed study will look at production, access, and consumption of protein source foods, including both animal-source and plant-based sources. Protein is essential for human health, and different sources offer varying nutritional and health benefits. The production of these foods also has enormous impacts on the environment, such as greenhouse gas emissions and water pollution.We propose mixed methods including a quantitative household survey and qualitative value chain analysis to assess the food system for protein source foods among an urban population in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Review (and updating where necessary) of systematic reviews and meta-analyses will be used to estimate etiological effect sizes on health and environmental outcomes. Results will be used to develop a conceptual model that will allow us to test interventions toward optimal planetary health. Ultimately, we will form recommendations for immediate action and future research that will be of relevance for a wide range of stakeholders in Ethiopia and other sub-Saharan African countries.The relationships between food systems, the environment, and health in sub-Saharan Africa are exceedingly complex and have not been studied in detail. A clear understanding of these dynamics will allow us to develop potentially groundbreaking, long term solutions. There is perhaps no issue more pressing for global populations than the establishment of resilient food systems that promote health, nutrition and sustainable environments.

粮食系统对人类健康和福祉以及地球健康具有巨大影响。它们涉及从农场到餐桌的一系列复杂因素。有必要更好地了解粮食系统对营养、健康、贫困和环境的影响，以便为开发能够改善人类营养和健康、促进可持续环境和支持生计的最佳粮食系统提供信息。这些领域的交叉对于脆弱国家尤为重要，因为粮食安全在减贫、社会凝聚力和国家安全方面发挥着重要作用。了解如何优化粮食系统以改善粮食安全、营养和生计可能对转型国家和人口实现更大稳定具有重要影响。我们建议在快速城市化和脆弱的治理结构的背景下，对发展中国家的粮食系统及其对营养、健康和环境的影响进行评估。粮食安全，包括饮食的数量和质量，是贫困和经济发展的重要决定因素。虽然粮食安全一直是许多发展中国家的优先事项，但旨在提高作物产量的政策很少与营养和健康需求相一致。近一半的儿童死亡是由营养不良造成的。与此同时，肥胖症和心脏病、糖尿病和癌症等非传染性疾病在营养不良仍然普遍存在的社区中不断增加。这种营养不良的双重负担在撒哈拉以南非洲的大部分地区日益严重，并因城市化的快速发展而加剧。粮食系统既受到自然环境的影响，也是自然环境退化的一个原因。由于农业生产难以跟上人口增长和变化的步伐，因此给环境带来了越来越大的压力。当前不可持续的资源消耗趋势正在损害我们的地球健康，威胁粮食安全并影响我们的福祉。几乎没有证据表明粮食系统、贫困、人类健康和自然环境之间存在联系。这些问题的复杂性阻碍了该领域的研究，现有的饮食数据没有全面捕捉相关的食物系统因素。拟议的研究将着眼于蛋白质源食品的生产、获取和消费，包括动物源和植物源。蛋白质对人类健康至关重要，不同的来源提供不同的营养和健康益处。这些食品的生产也对环境产生巨大影响，例如温室气体排放和水污染。我们提出了包括定量家庭调查和定性价值链分析在内的混合方法，以评估埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴城市人口的蛋白质源食品食品系统。系统评价和荟萃分析的审查（并在必要时更新）将用于估计对健康和环境结果的病因学影响大小。结果将用于开发概念模型，使我们能够测试实现最佳地球健康的干预措施。最终，我们将提出立即行动和未来研究的建议，这些建议将与埃塞俄比亚和其他撒哈拉以南非洲国家的广泛利益相关者相关。撒哈拉以南非洲的粮食系统、环境和健康之间的关系极其复杂，尚未得到详细研究。清楚地了解这些动态将使我们能够开发出具有潜在突破性的长期解决方案。对于全球人口来说，也许没有什么比建立促进健康、营养和可持续环境的有复原力的粮食系统更紧迫的问题了。

项目成果

Changes and challenges in markets for animal source foods: a qualitative study among market vendors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

动物源食品市场的变化和挑战：对埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴市场供应商的定性研究

• DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01103-1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Food Security
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Bliznashka L

Associations of percentage energy intake from total, animal and plant protein with overweight/obesity and underweight among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

• DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022001100
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Hemler, Elena C.;Bromage, Sabri;Tadesse, Amare Worku;Zack, Rachel;Berhane, Yemane;Canavan, Chelsey R.;Fawzi, Wafaie W.;Willett, Walter C.
• 通讯作者: Willett, Walter C.