Challenging Inequalities: a Indo-European perspective

挑战不平等:印欧人的视角

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    ES/R010811/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 39.68万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2019 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The proposed research aims at appraising the inequalities in human condition that continue to blossom in our fast growing and increasingly globalized world, with a special focus on India and Europe. Europe and India are, in effect, two interesting environments in which to perform such an appraisal. Both are indeed major players in the globalized world to the production of which they contribute about 25%. Europe is made of mature economies with virtually zero extreme poverty (as defined by the income threshold of 1.7 US dollar a day in purchasing power parity) that exhibits modest yearly per capita growth and slow structural changes. India is by contrast a fast-growing developing country that concentrates one third of the world's extremely poor population and that is changing its social organization at an unprecedented pace. In so far as income and wealth inequality are concerned, the European countries are facing the challenge of sharing a mildly growing per capita GDP. By contrast, India faces the challenge of sharing the spectacular growth among the various segment of its population, including the extremely poor. But inequalities in income, consumption or wealth are by no means the only dimension by which individuals differ. Inequalities in variables such as health, education or access to decent housing are also extremely important in this perspective. So are the more subtle inequalities in social status, or the inequalities of opportunities that individuals coming from various groups are facing. Europe and India are interesting laboratories to analyze all these inequalities also because of the different attitude that their population seem to have with respect to these inequalities. The ethical acceptability of the different inequalities is an extremely important factor that seem to differ somewhat between India and Europe and, for that matter, even between European countries themselves. For example, there is a widespread view in European countries of protestant culture that income inequalities which result purely from a different exertion of effort are not ethically objectionable. This view seems to be less prevalent in countries of catholic culture. Similarly, India, with its still prevailing caste system, is often perceived as being more tolerant to inequalities in social status than Europe. The proposed research will make several contributions to our understanding of the inequalities in Europe in India. The first one will be to provide new tools for appraising some of these inequalities that are both easy to apply and based on clear ethical premises. Some of these tools concern inequalities in variables such as social status, education or access to a decent housing that can not be easily measured on a cardinal scale. For such variables, the conventional tools for measuring income or wealth inequalities can not be meaningfully applied. The research will also contribute to the design of tools for appraising inequalities in a multidimensional perspective that takes due account of the correlation that may exist between, say, income and health inequalities. As a last methodological contribution, the research will develop new criteria for appraising the inequality of opportunities between social groups. A second broad expected contribution of the research is to gather information about the individuals' attitudes to inequalities and to the policies used to reduce the adverse impact of these inequalities. This information will be collected by either questionnaire surveys or by experimental methods in which subjects are asked to take carefully designed decisions that reflect their attitude to inequalities. A third contribution of the research will be to evaluate some of the inequality-alleviating policies themselves. A last contribution of the research is to provide a more qualitative assessment of the impact of those inequalities on individual lives. A special focus will be put here on Nepal migrants and workers in large firms.
拟议的研究旨在评估人类状况中的不平等,这种不平等在我们快速增长和日益全球化的世界中继续开花,特别关注印度和欧洲。实际上,欧洲和印度是进行这种评估的两个有趣的环境。这两个国家确实是全球化世界的主要参与者,它们对全球化世界的生产贡献了约25%。欧洲是由成熟的经济体组成的,极端贫困几乎为零(按购买力平价计算,收入门槛为每天1.7美元),人均年增长率不高,结构变化缓慢。相比之下,印度是一个快速增长的发展中国家,集中了世界上三分之一的极端贫困人口,并且正在以前所未有的速度改变其社会组织。就收入和财富不平等而言,欧洲国家面临着分享人均GDP温和增长的挑战。相比之下,印度面临的挑战是,如何在包括极端贫困人口在内的各阶层人口中分享惊人的增长。但收入、消费或财富的不平等绝不是个人差异的唯一方面。从这一角度来看,卫生、教育或获得体面住房等变量的不平等也极为重要。社会地位上更微妙的不平等,或者来自不同群体的个人所面临的机会不平等,也是如此。欧洲和印度是分析所有这些不平等现象的有趣实验室,也因为他们的人口似乎对这些不平等现象有不同的态度。不同的不平等在道德上的可接受性是一个极其重要的因素,在印度和欧洲之间,甚至在欧洲国家之间,似乎有些不同。例如,在欧洲新教文化国家中有一种普遍的观点,即纯粹由于不同的努力而导致的收入不平等在伦理上并不令人反感。这种观点在天主教文化的国家似乎不那么普遍。同样,种姓制度仍然盛行的印度,往往被认为比欧洲更能容忍社会地位的不平等。拟议中的研究将为我们理解欧洲在印度的不平等做出一些贡献。第一个目标是提供新的工具来评估其中一些不平等现象,这些工具既易于应用,又以明确的道德前提为基础。其中一些工具涉及社会地位、教育或获得体面住房等变量方面的不平等,这些不平等很难用基数来衡量。对于这样的变量,传统的衡量收入或财富不平等的工具不能有意义地应用。这项研究还将有助于设计从多层面角度评估不平等的工具,适当考虑到收入和健康不平等之间可能存在的相关性。作为最后一项方法论贡献,这项研究将为评估社会群体之间的机会不平等制定新的标准。这项研究的第二个广泛的预期贡献是收集有关个人对不平等的态度以及对用于减少这些不平等的不利影响的政策的信息。这些信息将通过问卷调查或实验方法收集,实验方法要求受试者作出精心设计的决定,反映他们对不平等的态度。这项研究的第三个贡献将是评估一些减轻不平等的政策本身。研究的最后一个贡献是对这些不平等对个人生活的影响进行了更定性的评估。这里将特别关注尼泊尔移民和大公司的工人。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(5)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Fifty Days of Lockdown in India: A View from Two Villages in Tamil Nadu
印度封锁五十天:泰米尔纳德邦两个村庄的景色
Training for employment or skilling up from employment? Jobs and skills acquisition in the Tiruppur textile region, India
就业培训还是就业技能提升?
  • DOI:
    10.1080/01436597.2022.2156855
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2
  • 作者:
    Carswell G
  • 通讯作者:
    Carswell G
Epistemic injustice in Climate Adaptation
气候适应中的认知不公正
Introducing the Multi-Dimensional Injustice Framework: a case study in climate-related health risks
介绍多维不公正框架:气候相关健康风险的案例研究
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Clement Imbert其他文献

Clement Imbert的其他文献

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