So who is building sustainable development? Transforming exploitative labour along southern corridors of migration

那么谁在构建可持续发展呢？

• 批准号: ES/S001417/1
• 负责人: Brian Garvey
• 金额: $ 67.11万
• 依托单位: University of Strathclyde
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS001417%2F1
• 关键词: So; who; building; sustainable; development

There has been a 40% increase in the number of international migrants in less than two decades with 245 million international migrants on the move worldwide. The majority have their trajectory restricted within countries in the Global South. Increased border limitations into the Global North mean that the promise of humanitarian protection and assistance is also falling disproportionately on the stronger of the southern hemispheric countries that as yet have not the structures in place to respond to new arrivals. Simultaneously, public and private growth initiatives in the latter countries hinge on the availability of flexible labour for large, infrastructure projectsThe Brazilian Amazon region is a key example of an emergent migrant destination. Brazil's impressive economic performance in the first decade of the 21st century has been accompanied by a positive rhetoric towards immigrants and the rapid expansion of the local labour market. Subsequent movement across the vast border that straddles seven countries and eight Brazilian states has been constituted not just by more conventional Bolivian, Colombian, Paraguayan and Peruvian migrants, but large numbers of recent Venezuelan arrivals, Haitian, Senegalese and Congolese migrants who have arrived in Brazil following rejection from northern borders. They all try to make a living that is so far characterised by precarious status and resources so far. Hence new zones of humanitarian crisis are emerging throughout the rural and urban landscapes, and becoming so far poorly understood corridors of weakly regulated labour recruitment. Through these corridors, informal and formal relations and contracts are channelled and combined, and lead to a critical deficit in so-called decent work in the very sectors on which the 'building' of sustainable economies depends. The key to sustainable development as defined by the ILO is thus not fitting at all. This research explores increasingly dominant forms of employment regimes in the Global South where conventional distinctions between formal and informal work are over determined by local power relations. These relations are expressed in sectoral peculiarities for rapidly expanding infrastructure projects, and in the specificity of each individual's biographical trajectory. In key sectors of construction, energy and agroindustry, these new regimes depend upon, while sustaining, demand for flexible labour. Conventionally sourced from domestic migrant labour it is increasingly being recruited from the Amazonian frontier between Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and the receiving country, Brazil. An interdisciplinary research team will use a participatory and transformative research agenda that aims to investigate: (i) how a deficit in regulation and enforcement between formal and informal actors is turning humanitarian corridors into zones of social crisis for migrants seeking employment; (ii) to what extent the experience of exploitative work and labour analogous to slavery (work endured under threat of penalty, is forced, trafficked or involuntarily indebted) is a product of a series of informal and formal contracts along the migrant journey from home to workplace, (ii) how migrant workers, through collective and active knowledge building, can transform inequitable power relations across a range of spatial and hierarchical nodes.The project seeks to understand the critical deficit in decent work from the perspective of those vulnerable workers most affected by current power inequalities across formal and informal recruitment and employment regimes to inform participatory intervention at a key juncture in Brazil's economic and social development. These migrants will be integral to the global workforce of 2030, particularly in emerging economies, yet in 2018 they remain peripheral to how this is discussed. This proposal take a significant step towards engaging peripheral migrant workers in transforming this reality.

在不到二十年的时间里，国际移民人数增加了40%，全球有2.45亿国际移民在流动。大多数人的轨迹局限于全球南方国家。进入全球北方的边界限制增加意味着人道主义保护和援助的承诺也不成比例地落在南半球较强的国家身上，这些国家尚未建立应对新抵达者的结构。与此同时，后几个国家的公共和私人增长举措取决于大型基础设施项目是否有灵活的劳动力。巴西在21世纪世纪头十年令人印象深刻的经济表现伴随着对移民的积极言论和当地劳动力市场的迅速扩张。随后跨越横跨七个国家和八个巴西州的广阔边界的流动不仅包括更传统的玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、哥伦比亚和秘鲁移民，而且包括最近抵达的大量委内瑞拉、海地、塞内加尔和刚果移民，他们在被北方边界拒绝后抵达巴西。他们都试图谋生，但迄今为止，他们的地位和资源都不稳定。因此，新的人道主义危机地区正在农村和城市各地出现，并成为迄今为止人们知之甚少的劳动力招募监管薄弱的走廊。通过这些走廊，非正式和正式的关系和合同得以沟通和结合，导致"建设"可持续经济所依赖的部门严重缺乏所谓的体面工作。因此，国际劳工组织所界定的可持续发展的关键根本不合适。这项研究探讨了全球南方日益占主导地位的就业制度形式，在那里，正式和非正式工作之间的传统区别是由当地权力关系决定的。这些关系表现在迅速扩大的基础设施项目的部门特点，以及每个人的履历轨迹的特殊性。在建筑、能源和农工业等关键部门，这些新制度依赖于对灵活劳动力的需求，同时也维持这种需求。这些人通常来自国内移徙劳工，现在越来越多地从玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、秘鲁、委内瑞拉和接受国巴西之间的亚马逊边境招募。一个跨学科研究小组将采用一个参与性和变革性的研究议程，旨在调查：㈠正规和非正规行为体之间在监管和执法方面的不足如何使人道主义走廊变成寻求就业的移徙者的社会危机区;（二）在多大程度上，（在惩罚威胁下忍受的工作、被迫、被贩运或非自愿负债）是移徙者从家到工作场所的旅程中沿着的一系列非正式和正式合同的产物，（二）移徙工人如何通过集体和积极的知识建设，该项目力求从受当前正式和非正式征聘和就业制度中权力不平等影响最严重的弱势工人的角度，了解体面工作方面的严重不足，以便为关键领域的参与性干预提供信息。这是巴西经济和社会发展的关键时刻。这些移民将成为2030年全球劳动力的组成部分，特别是在新兴经济体，但在2018年，他们仍然处于讨论的边缘。这一建议是使边缘移徙工人参与改变这一现实的重要一步。

项目成果

DIÁLOGOS INTERNACIONAIS: AS TECNOLOGIAS E O NOVO DIREITO

国际对话：作为技术与新方向

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Leao L

Contemporary slave labour on the Amazonian frontier: the problems and politics of post rescue solidarity

亚马逊边境的当代奴隶劳动：救援后团结的问题和政治

• DOI: 10.1080/14747731.2022.2035946
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Globalizations
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Portes Virginio F

Unlocking "lock-in" and path dependency: A review across disciplines and socio-environmental contexts

解锁“锁定”和路径依赖：跨学科和社会环境背景的回顾

• DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106116
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: World Development
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Goldstein J

Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro is devastating indigenous lands, with the world distracted

巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗正在摧毁土著土地，令世界分心

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Garvey B

DIREITOS HUMANOS NO BRASIL 2019

2019 年巴西 DIREITOS Humanos

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Portes Virginio, F.V.