English Champagne? Geographical Indications (GIs) and productivity after Brexit

英国香槟？

• 批准号: ES/S006419/1
• 负责人: Stephen Roper
• 金额: $ 25.67万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS006419%2F1
• 关键词: English; Champagne; Geographical; Indications; GIs

This research would be the first to consider the growth and productivity benefits of Geographical Indications (GIs) in the UK. It will provide an evidence-base for effective policy development and governance in this area post-Brexit. Our project directly addresses the economic challenges and opportunities of Brexit highlighted in the Call Specification, and will support the emphasis of the Industrial Strategy on enhancing UK innovation and productivity.Since 1992 the EU has provided protection for specific agricultural products and foodstuffs. Inspired by the French AOC (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée) and Italian DOC (Denominazione d'Origine Controllata) systems, protection is typically related to products of a specific geography, traditional manufacturing activity and environment (Cannarella and Piccioni 2011). Across the EU there are currently three types of EU quality designations known collectively as Geographical Indications or 'GIs'. There are 70 registered UK GI's, with another 9 in the application and registration process . Protected Designation of Origins (PDOs) are the strongest designation requiring that agricultural products or foodstuffs are produced, processed and prepared in a specific geographical area, using recognized know-how. Of the 79 UK GIs, 28 are PDOs including Welsh Laverbread, Isle of Man Manx Loaghtan Lamb and a range of locally produced cheeses including Single Gloucester. Protected Geographical Indications (PGIs) have less stringent requirements and require that some stage of the production, processing or preparation of a product occurs in a specific area although raw materials used do not need to come from the locality. There are 45 UK PGIs including Traditional Welsh Perry, Carmarthen Ham, and Yorkshire Wensleydale. Finally, Traditional Speciality Guaranteeds (TSGs) cover products and foodstuffs produced using traditional materials, production methods or composition without any element of geographical specificity. There are currently six UK TSGs including Traditionally Reared Pedigree Welsh Pork and Traditional Bramley Apple Pie Filling. There are currently eight UK applications for GI status including the Forfar Bridie, Broighter Gold Rapeseed Oil, 'Ayrshire New Potatoes'/'Ayrshire Earlies', and The Vale of Clwyd Denbigh Plum. After Brexit the application of the current EU system for the approval and governance of GIs in the UK will cease, and GIs in the UK will be subject to the more basic provisions of the World Trade Organisation TRIPs Agreement. Here, we aim to establish whether GIs are an effective policy instrument for boosting growth and productivity and, therefore, whether developing a UK GI system should be a policy priority post-Brexit. Our project comprises two main elements. First, a look backwards to assess the impact of existing GIs in the UK on growth and productivity. This will be done using best practice econometric approaches and company case studies and provide robust evidence for the value (or otherwise) of GIs. Second, a forward look to identify strategies and processes which could be adopted in the UK to support GIs in the future. This will involve a review of international best practice and a series of regional consultations to identify possible candidate products for future GIs. The development of our project has been shaped by guidance from the lead government departments - DEFRA and IPO - and we will develop a project advisory group early in the life of the project. An impact strategy (see below) will reflect academic dissemination and engagement with related government departments and industry support organisations. The research proposed would take place within the existing ESRC funded Enterprise Research Centre or ERC (see www.enterpriseresearch.ac.uk) which has a focus on policy-related research related to the growth and development of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs).

这项研究将是第一个考虑地理标志（GI）在英国的增长和生产力效益。它将为英国脱欧后该领域的有效政策制定和治理提供证据基础。我们的项目直接解决了英国脱欧的经济挑战和机遇，并将支持工业战略对提高英国创新和生产力的重视。自1992年以来，欧盟一直为特定的农产品和食品提供保护。受法国AOC（原产地名称）和意大利DOC（原产地控制）制度的启发，保护通常与特定地理、传统制造活动和环境的产品有关（Cannarella和Piccioni，2011年）。在整个欧盟，目前有三种类型的欧盟质量标志，统称为地理标志或“GIS”。英国有70个注册GI，另有9个正在申请和注册。原产地指定保护（PDO）是要求农产品或食品在特定地理区域内使用公认的专有技术生产、加工和制备的最强有力的指定。在79个英国地理标志中，有28个是PDO，包括威尔士Laverbread，马恩岛Manx Loaghtan羊肉和一系列当地生产的奶酪，包括单一格洛斯特。受保护的地理标志（PGI）的要求不那么严格，要求产品的生产，加工或制备的某些阶段发生在特定地区，尽管所使用的原材料不需要来自当地。有45个英国PGI，包括传统的威尔士佩里，卡马森火腿，和约克郡温斯利代尔。最后，传统特色产品保证（TSG）涵盖使用传统材料、生产方法或成分生产的产品和食品，而没有任何地理特征。目前有六个英国TSG，包括传统饲养的血统威尔士猪肉和传统的布拉姆利苹果馅饼填充。目前有八个英国申请GI地位，包括福法尔Bridie，Broighter Gold Raphael Oil，'Ayrshire New Potatoes'/'Ayrshire Earlies'和Clwyd Denbigh Plum的Vale。英国脱欧后，现行欧盟制度对英国地理标志的审批和管理将停止适用，英国地理标志将受世界贸易组织《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》的更基本规定的约束。在这里，我们的目标是确定地理标志是否是促进增长和生产力的有效政策工具，因此，发展英国地理标志系统是否应该成为英国退欧后的政策优先事项。我们的项目包括两个主要部分。首先，回顾过去，评估英国现有地理标志对增长和生产力的影响。这将使用最佳实践计量经济学方法和公司案例研究来完成，并为地理标志的价值（或其他）提供强有力的证据。第二，前瞻性地确定联合王国未来可采用的支持地理信息系统的战略和程序。这将涉及审查国际最佳做法和一系列区域协商，以确定未来地理信息系统的可能候选产品。我们的项目的发展是在主要政府部门- DEFRA和IPO -的指导下形成的，我们将在项目的早期建立一个项目咨询小组。影响战略（见下文）将反映学术传播和与相关政府部门和行业支持组织的接触。拟议的研究将在现有的ESRC资助的企业研究中心或ERC（见www.enterpriseresearch.ac.uk）内进行，该中心的重点是与中小型企业（SMEs）的增长和发展有关的政策研究。

项目成果

'Taking back control': Developing Protected Food Names post-Brexit: What can we learn from GI use internationally?

“夺回控制权”：英国脱欧后开发受保护的食品名称：我们可以从国际地理标志的使用中学到什么？

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Roper, Stephen

Tradition (re-)defined: Farm v factory trade-offs in the definition of geographical indications, the case of Three Counties Cider

传统（重新）定义：地理标志定义中农场与工厂的权衡，以三县苹果酒为例

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.03.005
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Rural Studies
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Oledinma A

What’s in a name? The impact of Geographical Indications of Origin on producer growth and food heritage

原产地地理标志对生产者增长和食品传统的影响

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Akunna Oledinma;Stephen Roper;Centre Manager
• 通讯作者: Centre Manager