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Northern Exposure: Race, Nation and Disaffection in "Ordinary" Towns and Cities after Brexit

北方暴露：英国脱欧后“普通”城镇中的种族、民族和不满

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S007717/1
负责人：
Adrian Favell
金额：
$ 76.93万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS007717%2F1
关键词：
Northern Exposure Race Nation Disaffection

项目摘要

The North of England has played a central role in debates about the causes and consequences of the Brexit referendum, especially in the widespread perception of a divided Britain. There is a pervasive vision of the North outside of the bigger cities, that it represented a "heartland" vote: notably in David Goodhart's romantic vision (2017) of "somewhere" people (core national, rooted, working class, "left behind") against the "anywheres" (affluent, educated, cosmopolitan, metropolitan elites). At the same time, Brexit has raised fears about the future of a multi-racial society with high levels of immigration. The North of England is also viewed as a place of simmering racism and xenophobia: pitting White British, older British minority groups, and newer incomers such as asylum seekers or East European workers against each other in deprived and depressed post-industrial locations. Not least, these tensions are thought to have provoked the murder of a sitting MP - Jo Cox - and to lie behind rising racially motivated hate crime in the region. Northern Exposure interrogates these perceptions of the North, while broaching sensitive questions of everyday nationalism, race and racism in largely understudied and marginalised places. The project fills out and enriches the argument that the disaffection expressed by voters, or in tensions seen in particular communities, is linked to the long term post-industrial transformation of the region. We must consider the varied paths of industrial, population and spatial change experienced by different localities. There has been a hollowing out of proud old civic solidarities anchored in class and occupation. Northern towns, with their grand histories and identities, have become amorphous, peri-urban entities, ringed by motorways and large shopping malls, with struggling centres and declining populations (Hatherley 2012). Some residents find it impossible to move on or move out. This changing geography, and its fragmenting diversity, have made it ever harder to imagine how to manage shifting ethnic relations or achieve social integration. The project will offer a detailed statistical profile of 16 "ordinary" large towns and small cities in the North of England, going back in time. We then engage in intensive ethnographic work on four localities-running from the North West, through West Yorkshire, to the North East-which capture key elements of the post-industrial North in their histories, changing identities, and contemporary struggles: Preston, Halifax, Wakefield, and Middlesbrough. Talking with local stakeholders, community organisations, and social work practitioners, we build up a clear vision of the everyday concerns that damage positive visions of diversity, community and inclusion. This leads on to interviews with older long term residents from different origins and backgrounds, gathering personal oral histories and views about the urban, social and political change around them. Policy makers in the region feel that conventional multiculturalism and anti-racism are not working, yet that a narrow focus on socio-economic solutions will not solve the riddle of "inclusive growth" or address emergent ethnic conflicts. Our research will transmit voices not often heard into local policy formulation. It will feedback residents' concerns into neighbourhood policing. With our partners, we seek tools for local intervention, identifying mechanisms that lead to community breakdown or community cohesion. Our work will also lead to a comprehensive of study of the state of Northern England in all its diversity as it comes to terms with Brexit. A website, policy roundtables, local presentations, and a large final event will make our work public. Alongside other academic outputs, we are also filming our research and the people we meet. This will result in short online films which portray residents and their lives today, along with a full length documentary for general release.

英格兰北部在关于英国脱欧公投的原因和后果的辩论中发挥了核心作用，特别是在人们普遍认为英国分裂的情况下。在大城市之外，人们普遍认为北方代表着“中心地带”的选票：特别是在大卫·古德哈特（David Goodhart）的浪漫主义愿景（2017年）中，“某处”的人（核心民族，扎根，工人阶级，“落后”）反对“任何地方”（富裕，受过教育，国际化，大都市精英）。与此同时，英国脱欧引发了人们对一个移民水平高的多种族社会未来的担忧。英格兰北部也被认为是种族主义和仇外心理酝酿的地方：白色英国人、年长的英国少数民族和新移民（如寻求庇护者或东欧工人）在贫困和萧条的后工业化地区相互竞争。尤其是，这些紧张局势被认为引发了一位现任议员--乔考克斯--的谋杀，并成为该地区种族动机仇恨犯罪上升的背后原因。《北方曝光》质疑了这些对北方的看法，同时在基本上未得到充分研究和边缘化的地方提出了日常民族主义、种族和种族主义的敏感问题。该项目填补并丰富了选民表达的不满或在特定社区看到的紧张局势与该地区长期的后工业转型有关的论点。我们必须考虑到不同地区经历的工业、人口和空间变化的不同路径。以阶级和职业为基础的自豪的古老的公民团结已经被掏空。北方城镇，有着悠久的历史和独特的特征，已经变成了无定形的城市周边实体，被高速公路和大型购物中心所环绕，中心苦苦挣扎，人口不断下降（Hatherley 2012）。一些居民发现不可能继续前进或搬出。这种不断变化的地理环境及其支离破碎的多样性，使人们越来越难以想象如何管理不断变化的民族关系或实现社会融合。该项目将提供英格兰北部16个“普通”大城镇和小城市的详细统计概况，可以追溯到过去。然后，我们从事密集的民族志工作的四个地方，从西北部，通过西约克郡，东北部，捕捉后工业北方的关键元素在他们的历史，不断变化的身份，和当代的斗争：普雷斯顿，哈利法克斯，韦克菲尔德，和米德尔斯堡。与当地的利益相关者，社区组织和社会工作从业者交谈，我们建立了一个清晰的愿景，日常关注的问题，破坏了多样性，社区和包容性的积极愿景。这导致了对来自不同起源和背景的老年长期居民的采访，收集个人口述历史和对他们周围的城市，社会和政治变化的看法。该地区的决策者认为，传统的多元文化主义和反种族主义不起作用，而狭隘地关注社会经济解决方案将无法解决“包容性增长”之谜或解决新出现的种族冲突。我们的研究将把不常听到的声音传递到地方政策制定中。它将把居民的关切反馈到邻里治安中。我们与合作伙伴一起，寻求当地干预的工具，确定导致社区崩溃或社区凝聚力的机制。我们的工作还将导致全面研究英格兰北方的所有多样性，因为它涉及到英国脱欧。一个网站，政策圆桌会议，当地的介绍，和一个大型的最终活动将使我们的工作公开。除了其他学术成果，我们还拍摄我们的研究和我们遇到的人。这将导致简短的在线电影，描绘居民和他们的生活今天，沿着与一个完整的长度纪录片一般释放。