Skills and Innovation in the Labour Market

承担ESRC博士后奖学金将是巩固我的劳动经济学博士研究的巨大好处。我的奖学金的目的是发表我的博士论文，并为我的两篇博士论文进行进一步的有限研究。另一个目标是确定今后几年的全面研究议程。对于这一新议程，我建议调查经济调整的机制，以熟练的劳动力供应冲击，这对工资，就业，技能的发展和经济的长期比较优势有重要影响。在ESRC奖学金期间，我将把我的研究成果传达给一系列不同的受众，从而与其他研究人员建立网络，并发展影响力。为此，我建议到世界上最好的劳动经济学研究场所之一的加州大学伯克利分校的劳动经济学中心进行为期一个月的研究访问。在我的研究中，我使用详细的历史，人口普查和行政微观数据，并应用定量方法来确定政策的因果效应。我的研究是最近更广泛的行动的一部分，旨在为政策问题提供数据驱动的见解。我的博士论文由三个独立的章节组成的劳动经济学，提供了有关机制在发挥作用时，生产和位置决策的激励变化的新结果。我的研究结果对创新政策、少数民族融合和劳动力市场改革具有启示意义。我的第一章探讨了经济激励是否能促使发明者更多地创新。为了进行这项分析，我利用了1884年英国专利费的大幅减少，并在广泛的数据收集工作中创建了一个详细的54，000名英国发明家的新数据集。研究结果表明，降低发明成本和放松信贷约束都能提高效率。第二篇博士论文调查了英格兰和威尔士族裔社区组成变化的影响。研究结果表明，一个社区的社会住房少数群体份额的外生增加10个百分点，将使少数群体在私人住房中的份额增加1.2个百分点。从长远来看，这也会导致当地人口增长加快，房价小幅下跌。在第三篇博士论文中，我们评估了2003-2005年德国劳动力市场全面改革对就业和工资的影响。与以前的研究结果相反，我们的分析表明，改革以工资明显下降为代价，略微降低了失业率。低技能工人的工资损失最大。我提议的ESRC博士后奖学金的主办机构是伦敦大学学院（UCL）的经济学系，它是欧洲和世界上最好的经济学系之一。在经济学系，我将成为研究和分析中心的一部分移民（CReAM），这是对劳动力市场和移民的定量分析最著名的研究中心之一，具有长期的网络和经验，在通知关键政策问题的公众辩论。我的导师Uta Schönberg教授是劳动经济学的领先专家，在经济学顶级学术期刊上发表政策相关研究的记录很好。我的导师的研究议程和专门知识与我的拟议工作方案密切重叠。与教授Uta Schönberg作为我的导师，并在UCL的CReAM和经济系的完全整合的成员，我将能够利用高度专业化的知识，在应用劳动经济学。ESRC博士后奖学金将为我提供一个很好的机会，以巩固我的学术组合，以便在未来获得一个永久的讲师职位。

Undertaking the ESRC Postdoctoral Fellowship will be of enormous benefit for consolidating my PhD research on labour economics. My aims for the Fellowship are to publish the papers from my PhD, and also carry out further limited research for two of my PhD papers. Another objective is to define a comprehensive research agenda for the coming years. For this new agenda I propose to investigate the mechanisms of economic adjustment to a skilled labour supply shock, which has important effects on wages, employment, the evolution of skills and the longer-run comparative advantage of an economy. During my ESRC Fellowship I will communicate the findings from my research to a range of different audiences, thereby building networks with other researchers and developing impact opportunities. For this purpose, I propose to undertake a one-month research visit at the Center for Labor Economics at the University of California at Berkeley, one of the world's best places for research in labour economics. In my research I use detailed historical, census and administrative micro-data, and apply quantitative methods to identify the causal effects of policies. My research is part of a broader recent move toward providing data-driven insights into policy questions. My PhD dissertation consists of three separate chapters on labour economics that provide novel results about the mechanisms at play when incentives for production and location decisions change. The findings from my work have implications for policies on innovation, the integration of minorities and labour market reforms.My first chapter asks whether financial incentives can induce inventors to innovate more. For this analysis I exploit a large reduction in the patent fee in the United Kingdom in 1884 and created a detailed new dataset of 54,000 British inventors in an extensive data collection effort. The results indicate efficiency gains from decreasing the cost of inventing and in addition, from relaxing credit constraints. The second PhD paper investigates the effects of changes in ethnic neighbourhood composition in England and Wales. The findings imply that an exogenous increase in a neighbourhood's social housing minority share by 10 percentage points raises the minority share in private housing by 1.2 percentage points. It also leads to higher local population growth and a small decrease in house prices in the longer run. In the third PhD paper we assess the effects of comprehensive labour market reforms on employment and wages in Germany from 2003-2005. Contrary to previous findings, our analysis shows that the reforms marginally reduced unemployment at the cost of a pronounced decline in wages. Low-skilled workers suffered the largest wage losses. My proposed host institution for the ESRC Postdoctoral Fellowship, the Department of Economics at the University College London (UCL), is one of the best economics departments in Europe and worldwide. Within the Department of Economics, I will be part of the Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM), which is one of the most renowned research centres on the quantitative analysis of labour markets and migration, with a long-standing network and experience in informing the public debate on issues of critical policy concern. My mentor Professor Uta Schönberg is a leading expert in labour economics with a strong track record of publishing policy relevant research in the top academic journals in economics. The research agenda and expertise of my mentor overlaps closely with my proposed programme of work. With Professor Uta Schönberg as my mentor, and being a fully integrated member of CReAM and the Department of Economics at the UCL, I will be able to draw on highly specialised knowledge in applied labour economics. The ESRC Postdoctoral Fellowship would provide me with an excellent opportunity to consolidate my academic portfolio in order to obtain a permanent lectureship position in the future.