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Skills and Innovation in the Labour Market

劳动力市场的技能和创新

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S011919/1
负责人：
Alice Kuegler
金额：
$ 10.35万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS011919%2F1
关键词：
Skills Innovation Labour Market

项目摘要

Undertaking the ESRC Postdoctoral Fellowship will be of enormous benefit for consolidating my PhD research on labour economics. My aims for the Fellowship are to publish the papers from my PhD, and also carry out further limited research for two of my PhD papers. Another objective is to define a comprehensive research agenda for the coming years. For this new agenda I propose to investigate the mechanisms of economic adjustment to a skilled labour supply shock, which has important effects on wages, employment, the evolution of skills and the longer-run comparative advantage of an economy. During my ESRC Fellowship I will communicate the findings from my research to a range of different audiences, thereby building networks with other researchers and developing impact opportunities. For this purpose, I propose to undertake a one-month research visit at the Center for Labor Economics at the University of California at Berkeley, one of the world's best places for research in labour economics. In my research I use detailed historical, census and administrative micro-data, and apply quantitative methods to identify the causal effects of policies. My research is part of a broader recent move toward providing data-driven insights into policy questions. My PhD dissertation consists of three separate chapters on labour economics that provide novel results about the mechanisms at play when incentives for production and location decisions change. The findings from my work have implications for policies on innovation, the integration of minorities and labour market reforms.My first chapter asks whether financial incentives can induce inventors to innovate more. For this analysis I exploit a large reduction in the patent fee in the United Kingdom in 1884 and created a detailed new dataset of 54,000 British inventors in an extensive data collection effort. The results indicate efficiency gains from decreasing the cost of inventing and in addition, from relaxing credit constraints. The second PhD paper investigates the effects of changes in ethnic neighbourhood composition in England and Wales. The findings imply that an exogenous increase in a neighbourhood's social housing minority share by 10 percentage points raises the minority share in private housing by 1.2 percentage points. It also leads to higher local population growth and a small decrease in house prices in the longer run. In the third PhD paper we assess the effects of comprehensive labour market reforms on employment and wages in Germany from 2003-2005. Contrary to previous findings, our analysis shows that the reforms marginally reduced unemployment at the cost of a pronounced decline in wages. Low-skilled workers suffered the largest wage losses. My proposed host institution for the ESRC Postdoctoral Fellowship, the Department of Economics at the University College London (UCL), is one of the best economics departments in Europe and worldwide. Within the Department of Economics, I will be part of the Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM), which is one of the most renowned research centres on the quantitative analysis of labour markets and migration, with a long-standing network and experience in informing the public debate on issues of critical policy concern. My mentor Professor Uta Schönberg is a leading expert in labour economics with a strong track record of publishing policy relevant research in the top academic journals in economics. The research agenda and expertise of my mentor overlaps closely with my proposed programme of work. With Professor Uta Schönberg as my mentor, and being a fully integrated member of CReAM and the Department of Economics at the UCL, I will be able to draw on highly specialised knowledge in applied labour economics. The ESRC Postdoctoral Fellowship would provide me with an excellent opportunity to consolidate my academic portfolio in order to obtain a permanent lectureship position in the future.

获得ESRC博士后奖学金将对巩固我的劳动经济学博士研究有巨大的好处。我申请奖学金的目的是发表我的博士论文，并对我的两篇博士论文进行进一步的有限研究。另一个目标是为未来几年确定一个全面的研究议程。对于这个新议程，我建议研究针对熟练劳动力供应冲击的经济调整机制，这对工资、就业、技能演变和一个经济体的长期比较优势都有重要影响。在我的ESRC奖学金期间，我将把我的研究结果传达给一系列不同的受众，从而与其他研究人员建立网络并开发影响机会。为此，我提议到加州大学伯克利分校的劳动经济学中心进行为期一个月的研究访问，这里是世界上劳动经济学研究最好的地方之一。在我的研究中，我使用了详细的历史、人口普查和行政微观数据，并运用定量方法来确定政策的因果效应。我的研究是最近一个更广泛的行动的一部分，该行动旨在为政策问题提供数据驱动的见解。我的博士论文包括三个关于劳动经济学的独立章节，这些章节提供了关于生产激励和地点决策变化时起作用的机制的新结果。我的研究结果对创新政策、少数民族融合和劳动力市场改革具有启示意义。我的第一章探讨了财政激励是否能促使发明者进行更多的创新。为了进行这一分析，我利用了1884年英国专利费的大幅下降，并通过广泛的数据收集工作，创建了一个包含54,000名英国发明家的详细新数据集。结果表明，降低发明成本和放松信贷限制可以提高效率。第二篇博士论文调查了英格兰和威尔士种族社区构成变化的影响。研究结果表明，一个社区的社会住房少数族裔所占比例每增加10个百分点，私人住房少数族裔所占比例就会增加1.2个百分点。从长远来看，这也会导致当地人口增长加快，房价小幅下跌。在第三篇博士论文中，我们评估了2003-2005年德国全面劳动力市场改革对就业和工资的影响。与之前的发现相反，我们的分析表明，改革以工资显著下降为代价，在一定程度上降低了失业率。低技能工人的工资损失最大。我提议的ESRC博士后奖学金的主办机构是伦敦大学学院（UCL）的经济系，它是欧洲乃至世界上最好的经济系之一。在经济学系，我将成为移民研究与分析中心（CReAM）的一员，该中心是最著名的劳动力市场和移民定量分析研究中心之一，在为关键政策问题的公共辩论提供信息方面拥有长期的网络和经验。我的导师Uta教授Schönberg是劳动经济学领域的权威专家，在经济学领域的顶级学术期刊上发表过与政策相关的研究成果。我导师的研究议程和专业知识与我提出的工作计划密切重叠。有Uta教授Schönberg作为我的导师，并且作为CReAM和UCL经济系的一员，我将能够在应用劳动经济学方面获得高度专业化的知识。ESRC博士后奖学金将为我提供一个很好的机会来巩固我的学术组合，以便在未来获得一个永久的讲师职位。