Ethnicity, Religion, Conflict and Violence in Postcolonial South and Southeast Asia: A Comparative, Interdisciplinary Study

在战后非殖民化期间出现在南亚和东南亚的独立民族国家面临着一项艰巨的任务，即在其所有多样性中创造一个民族人民。自殖民时代结束以来，国家建设项目与不同族裔和宗教社区的身份政治发生了激烈冲突，因为这些地区是世界上一些历史最悠久的种族和宗教冲突的发源地。鉴于这种种族和宗教冲突的普遍性和长期性，很明显，尽管每个国家的情况都有特殊性，但有更普遍的因素在起作用，这将通过比较研究来揭示。该项目建立了一个由来自日本和英国的20名南亚和东南亚专家组成的网络，以：调查南亚和东南亚种族和宗教冲突的原因和动态；找出这些国家和地区差异的共同点；就这些共同点的突出程度和相对重要性得出临时结论；从而确定那些值得在随后的合作中进一步深入研究的问题。其目的是通过一系列研讨会，使已经进行的研究，但通常是针对某一特定国家或地区，而不是比较和跨学科的研究，进行对话和协作；这个项目汇集了20名种族和宗教冲突专家(包括印度、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、尼泊尔、缅甸、印度尼西亚、越南、泰国和菲律宾的学者)组成的独特网络，以调查这些更普遍的因素和原因，并确定那些需要在随后的合作中进一步深入研究的因素和问题，以确定减少暴力和促进正义与和平的措施。来自每个国家的10名学者被选中是因为他们的专业知识，但也着眼于将资深学者与早期职业研究人员混合在一起，并实现男女之间的大致平衡。其目标是：1-建立网络和知识创造：通过4个讲习班将英国和日本的学者网络联系起来，在这些讲习班中，以有指导的方式分享信息和研究，并有一个共同的目标，即调查南亚和东南亚种族和宗教冲突的原因和动态。2--产出和影响：制作一期关于这一主题的特刊，由若干与会者投稿。此外，将鼓励与会者在讲习班期间发现的共同兴趣的基础上编写合作文章。将邀请来自政府和民间社会的非学术利益攸关方派代表参加所有讲习班。一个网站将以日语和英语向非学术和学术受众提供发表的论文摘要以及每个研讨会的会议记录。与会者将建立一个互动博客，以一种可访问的方式与广大受众分享他们的研究。3-为随后的合作奠定基础：我们将现有的专业知识纳入比较框架，并进入合作对话，以确定需要持续和持续的合作调查(包括不受本次呼吁资助的新的和深入的研究)的领域和问题，这些领域和问题将由未来潜在的英日双边SSH研究会议资助。因此，吸引从事共同地区和主题工作的学者不仅是为了为该项目建立一个网络并产生专门的知识，而且也是为了为这一合作产生的后续项目奠定基础。

The independent nation-states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia during post-war decolonisation faced the difficult task of creating, out of all their diversity, a national people. Since the end of the colonial era nation-building projects have clashed violently with the identity politics of heterogeneous ethnic and religious communities, for these regions are home to some of the longest-standing ethnic and religious conflicts in the world. Given the ubiquity and longevity of such ethnic and religious conflict, it is clear that the particularity of each national case notwithstanding, there are more general factors at work, which would be revealed by a comparative study.This project establishes a network of 20 South and Southeast Asia specialists from Japan and the UK to: investigate the causes and dynamics of ethnic and religious conflict in South and Southeast Asia; identify commonalities across these national and regional differences; arrive at provisional conclusions on the salience and relative importance of these commonalities; and thus also identify those issues that warrant further and research-intensive enquiry in subsequent collaborations. Its aim is to bring into conversation and collaboration, through a series of workshops, the research that has already been done, but usually with reference to a specific country or region, rather than comparatively and across disciplines; and in the absence of collaboration between British and Japanese scholars.Led by professors Seth and Nakamizo, who have previously collaborated, this project gathers a unique network of 20 experts on ethnic and religious conflict (including scholars of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and the Philippines) to investigate these more general factors and causes, and identify those factors and issues that warrant further and intensive research in subsequent collaborations, with a view to identifying measures that mitigate against violence and promote justice and peace. The 10 scholars from each country have been chosen for their expertise, but also with an eye to mixing senior scholars with early career researchers, and to achieving a rough balance of both genders. Its aims are:1 - Networking and Knowledge Creation: To connect a network of UK based and Japan based scholars through 4 workshops where information and research is shared in a directed manner and with a shared goal, that of investigating the causes and dynamics of ethnic and religious conflict in South Asia and Southeast Asia. 2 - Outputs and Impact: To produce a special journal issue on this theme, with contributions by a number of the participants. In addition, participants will be encouraged to produce collaborative articles on the basis of joint interests discovered in the course of the workshops. Non-academic stakeholders from government and civil society will be invited to send representatives to all workshops. A website will make summaries of the papers delivered, as well as of each workshop's proceedings, available in Japanese and English to non-academic and academic audiences. An interactive blog will be set up by participants to share their research with a wide audience in an accessible manner.3 - Laying the Basis for Subsequent Collaboration: We bring existing specialist expertise within a comparative frame, and into a collaborative conversation, in order to identify those areas and issues that require sustained and ongoing collaborative enquiry (including new and intensive research of a type not funded by this call), to be funded by potential future bilateral UK-Japan SSH research calls. Bringing scholars working on shared regions and themes is thus intended not only to produce a network for, and produce knowledge specific to this project, but also to lay the foundations for subsequent projects that arise out of this collaboration.