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Creative Collaboration: Aesthetic Salons in 18th-19th-century Japan

创意合作：18-19世纪日本的美容沙龙

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S013210/1
负责人：
Andrew Gerstle
金额：
$ 5.64万
依托单位：
School of Oriental and African Studies
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS013210%2F1
关键词：
Creative Collaboration Aesthetic Salons 18th

项目摘要

This long-term project requires a wide range of research skills in order to create an innovative approach to understanding the role of the arts in 18th-19th century Japanese society. This UK-Japan Connections Grant aims to establish a research team to investigate this topic.Early modern Japan (1600-1868) was relatively isolated from the world. The Tokugawa government instituted and rigorously maintained a rigid hierarchical status system -- in descending order: courtier, samurai, farmer, artisan, merchant and pariah (including actors and sex workers) - aimed at keeping people in their designated class, vocation and locale. Life's path was all too clearly mapped out.Despite government restraints, however, this period was tremendously innovative and productive for the arts, which the many collections around the world attest to. And despite government policy against interaction across status and regional boundaries, large numbers of men and women from different statuses and regions interacted in vibrant collective creativity, active in poetry, painting and music circles. The hypothesis of this project is that art and literary salons (yûgei salons) played an essential role socially and culturally in 18th-19th century Japan in allowing and encouraging wide collaboration among men and women of different statuses and regions. In contrast to European salons of the same era, a distinctive aspect of these salons is that they were 'practice' spaces in the sense that participants not only appreciated arts, but also each person took a turn to contribute a poem, painting or performance. Further, individuals usually took an 'art name' (gô) when participating, which gave them an alternative identity distinct from their official 'status', allowing interaction among others within a relatively egalitarian space. For example, Kabuki actors, officially outcasts beneath the official status ranking system, were able to circulate in salons through their sobriquet, engaging with men and women of all statuses.These salons supported a broad range of artistic production across format and styles. A key focus of the long term project is the important but relatively under-studied collection in the British Museum - works of the inter-connected Maruyama, Shijo, Gan (Kishi), Mori, Ukiyo-e, Literati (bunjinga) and related art lineages in the Kyoto-Osaka region in early modern Japan. This collection comprises well over 1000 paintings and woodblock-printed illustrated books and single sheet prints, both surimono (illustrated records of poetry gatherings; see Ref Image 1) and actor prints, produced in Kyoto and Osaka in the 18th-19th centuries. A long-term aim is to investigate this collection as a whole, a product of collaborative salon culture.Poetry salons (haiku, kyôka, kanshi, waka) were the key venues for interaction: virtually everyone interested in the arts participated to some extent in these forums. Surimono were produced by salon groups for distribution; they recorded gatherings, including poems with the author's penname, and usually one signed image, as well the hometown of the poet, if they weren't from the site of the gathering. They also sometimes included information on the occasion. Therefore, the thousands of surimono that survive in museums and collections are key sources for understanding artistic networks. The Connections grant will be used to set up a network to establish a means for photographing and recording the data from surimono for prosopographical analysis. In particular, we want to gain the collaboration of Prof Ryo Akama at the Arts Research Center of Ritsumeikan University in Kyoto, which is a digital humanities centre focussing on Japanese art. This Connections grant will be used for workshops in Japan and the UK to present the plans of the long-term project and to discuss the most effective method to collect and analyse art works and data on salons and networks.

这个长期项目需要广泛的研究技能，以创造一种创新的方法来理解艺术在18 -19世纪日本社会中的作用。这项英日联系基金旨在建立一个研究小组来调查这一主题。近代早期的日本（1600-1868）相对孤立于世界。德川政府建立并严格维持了一套严格的等级制度——按降序排列：朝臣、武士、农民、工匠、商人和贱民（包括演员和性工作者）——旨在将人们保持在指定的阶级、职业和场所。人生的道路已经规划得太清楚了。尽管有政府的限制，但这一时期的艺术却极具创新性和生产力，世界各地的许多藏品都证明了这一点。尽管政府的政策反对跨地位和跨地域的互动，但来自不同地位和地区的大量男性和女性在充满活力的集体创造力中互动，活跃在诗歌、绘画和音乐领域。该项目的假设是，艺术和文学沙龙（y<s:1> gei沙龙）在18 -19世纪的日本发挥了重要的社会和文化作用，允许和鼓励不同地位和地区的男性和女性之间的广泛合作。与同一时代的欧洲沙龙相比，这些沙龙的一个独特之处在于，它们是“实践”空间，参与者不仅欣赏艺术，而且每个人轮流贡献一首诗、一幅画或一场表演。此外，个人通常在参与时使用一个“艺术名称”（gô），这给了他们一个不同于官方“身份”的另类身份，允许在一个相对平等的空间内与他人互动。例如，歌舞伎演员，在官方地位等级制度下被官方抛弃，能够通过他们的绰号在沙龙中流通，与各种地位的男人和女人交往。这些沙龙支持各种形式和风格的艺术作品。长期项目的一个重点是大英博物馆中重要但相对较少研究的藏品-日本近代早期京都-大阪地区相互关联的丸山，Shijo, Gan (Kishi), Mori，浮世绘，文人（bunjinga）和相关艺术谱系的作品。这些藏品包括超过1000幅绘画、木版印刷的插图书和单张版画，包括18 -19世纪在京都和大阪制作的surimono（诗歌聚会的插图记录；参见参考图1）和演员版画。长期目标是将这个系列作为一个整体来研究，这是合作沙龙文化的产物。诗歌沙龙（俳句，kyôka, kanshi, waka）是互动的主要场所：几乎每个对艺术感兴趣的人都在某种程度上参与了这些论坛。由美发集团生产销售；他们记录聚会，包括有作者笔名的诗歌，通常还有一个签名的图像，以及诗人的家乡，如果他们不是来自聚会地。他们有时也会在这个场合提供信息。因此，保存在博物馆和收藏中的成千上万的surimono是理解艺术网络的关键来源。连接补助金将用于建立一个网络，以建立一种方法来拍摄和记录来自surimono的数据，以进行体表分析。我们特别希望与京都立命馆大学艺术研究中心的明间亮教授合作，这是一个专注于日本艺术的数字人文中心。这笔资金将用于在日本和英国举办的研讨会，以展示长期项目的计划，并讨论收集和分析沙龙和网络艺术作品和数据的最有效方法。