When does perceptual organization happen?
知觉组织什么时候发生?
基本信息
- 批准号:ES/S014691/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 98.18万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2019
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2019 至 无数据
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Whenever our eyelids are open, an image is projected onto the retina at the back of the eyeball. But this can happen when we are unconscious. To see anything, the visual brain must organize and interpret the retinal image. Among other things, the visual brain must work out what features belong to the same object, how surfaces are arranged in depth, which surface features are caused by illumination and which by pigmentation. The visual parts of the brain are full of mechanisms which mediate perceptual organization. Our project will test WHEN the visual brain goes to the trouble of organizing and interpreting the retinal image. At one extreme, our perceptual organization systems could be 'on red alert' whenever we are awake. Perhaps complete perceptual organization always happens, whether it is task-relevant or not? At the other extreme, perceptual organization systems might frequently default to 'stand by mode'. Perhaps perceptual organization is only undertaken when necessary, and the retinal image is often left uninterpreted? Furthermore, perceptual organization might be robust or sensitive to changes in mental state. For instance, perceptual organization mechanisms might be disrupted by acute or chronic to alcohol consumption.Visual symmetry is the perfect stimulus to answer these questions. First, we can precisely define and control the formal properties of abstract symmetrical patterns. Second, symmetrical patterns generate an Event Related Potential (ERP) called the Sustained Posterior Negativity (SPN). This neural signal has been well characterized, and it can be cheaply measured with scalp electrodes. The SPN is generated by known brain regions (V4 and LOC), and it can be used as a bio-marker of perceptual organization. If there is an SPN on the scalp, then perceptual organization has happened in the visual brain. Work package 1 will the discover the conditions for SPN generation: For instance, the SPN might be reduced when participants are attending to color or sound rather than symmetry. Work package 2 will use functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and advanced multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to assess changes to the visual symmetry code when participants attend to symmetry, color or sound. This can tell us how the symmetry representations in the visual cortex deteriorate when attention is directed elsewhere. Next, WP3, will use Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to assess the causal necessity of the different brain areas in automatic perceptual organization. Finally our Work package 4 has an applied dimension. We want to discover how perceptual organization is altered by alcohol. Although alcohol is the most widely used an abused recreational drug in the UK, little is known about acute and chronic effects on perceptual organization. We will test the theory that alcohol reduces the speed of neural communication between the left and right visual hemispheres. We predict that the SPN response to vertical symmetry will be selectively delayed by mild intoxication, and in currently sober heavy drinkers. This has the potential to contribute to evidence based drink awareness campaigns, but it is only possible by building in the basic research in WP1-3. Ultimately, we will develop new research tool which anybody can download and use to measure alcohol-induced brain changes. This is important because the translation from basic to applied research in this area is often blocked by practical obstacles. Our research team for this project is carefully chosen. Makin, Bertamini and Rampone are experts in symmetry perception, EEG recording and analysis. Prof Morland has extensive experience using fMRI to map the visual cortex. Silvanto is an expert on studying symmetry perception with TMS. Jones is a leading alcohol/EEG researcher at Liverpool, who is well placed to push the applied dimension of the project.
当我们的眼睑打开时,一个图像就会投射到眼球后部的视网膜上。但这可能发生在我们无意识的时候。为了看到任何东西,视觉大脑必须组织和解释视网膜图像。除此之外,视觉大脑必须弄清楚哪些特征属于同一个物体,表面是如何在深度上排列的,哪些表面特征是由照明引起的,哪些是由色素引起的。大脑的视觉部分充满了调节知觉组织的机制。我们的项目将测试视觉大脑何时开始组织和解释视网膜图像。在一个极端,我们的知觉组织系统可能会在我们醒着的时候处于“红色警报”状态。也许完整的知觉组织总是会发生,不管它是否与任务相关?在另一个极端,感知组织系统可能经常默认为“待机模式”。也许知觉组织只是在必要的时候才进行,而视网膜图像往往是未经解释的?此外,知觉组织可能对心理状态的变化很敏感。例如,知觉组织机制可能会被急性或慢性饮酒所破坏,视觉对称性是回答这些问题的完美刺激。首先,我们可以精确地定义和控制抽象对称模式的形式属性。第二,对称模式产生事件相关电位(ERP),称为持续后验负波(SPN)。这种神经信号已经被很好地表征,并且可以用头皮电极廉价地测量。SPN是由已知的大脑区域(V4和V6)产生的,它可以用作感知组织的生物标记。如果头皮上有一个SPN,那么知觉组织已经发生在视觉大脑中。工作包1将发现SPN生成的条件:例如,当参与者关注颜色或声音而不是对称性时,SPN可能会减少。工作包2将使用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)和先进的多体素模式分析(MVPA)来评估当参与者注意对称性,颜色或声音时视觉对称代码的变化。这可以告诉我们,当注意力转移到其他地方时,视觉皮层中的对称性表征是如何恶化的。接下来,WP 3将使用经颅磁刺激(TMS)来评估不同大脑区域在自动感知组织中的因果必要性。最后,我们的工作包4具有应用维度。我们想知道酒精如何改变知觉组织。虽然酒精是最广泛使用的滥用娱乐药物在英国,很少有人知道急性和慢性影响知觉组织。我们将测试酒精会降低左右视觉半球之间神经交流速度的理论。我们预测,SPN响应垂直对称性将被选择性地延迟轻度中毒,目前清醒的重度饮酒者。这有可能有助于以证据为基础的饮酒意识运动,但只有在WP 1 -3的基础研究中才能实现。最终,我们将开发新的研究工具,任何人都可以下载并使用它来测量酒精引起的大脑变化。这一点很重要,因为在这一领域从基础研究到应用研究的转化往往受到实际障碍的阻碍。我们这个项目的研究团队是经过精心挑选的。Makin、Bertamini和Rampone是对称感知、脑电图记录和分析方面的专家。莫兰教授拥有使用fMRI绘制视觉皮质的丰富经验。Silvanto是用TMS研究对称感知的专家。琼斯是利物浦领先的酒精/脑电图研究员,他很好地推动了该项目的应用层面。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Spontaneous ocular scanning of visual symmetry is similar during classification and evaluation tasks
在分类和评估任务中,视觉对称性的自发眼部扫描是相似的
- DOI:10.17605/osf.io/br583
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Makin A
- 通讯作者:Makin A
Perspective Slant Makes Symmetry Harder to Detect and Less Aesthetically Appealing
透视倾斜使对称性更难检测并且不太美观
- DOI:10.3390/sym14030475
- 发表时间:2022
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Bertamini M
- 通讯作者:Bertamini M
The extrastriate symmetry response is robust to variation in visual memory load.
纹外对称反应对于视觉记忆负荷的变化具有鲁棒性。
- DOI:10.1111/psyp.13941
- 发表时间:2021
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.7
- 作者:Derpsch Y
- 通讯作者:Derpsch Y
Neural responses to reflection symmetry for shapes defined by binocular disparity, and for shapes perceived as regions of background.
对于由双眼视差定义的形状以及被感知为背景区域的形状的反射对称性的神经反应。
- DOI:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108064
- 发表时间:2021
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.6
- 作者:Karakashevska E
- 通讯作者:Karakashevska E
When does perceptual organization happen?
- DOI:10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.007
- 发表时间:2024-03-16
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.6
- 作者:Makin,Alexis D. J.;Buckley,Ned;Bertamini,Marco
- 通讯作者:Bertamini,Marco
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