Generating Respect for Humanitarian Norms: The Influence of Religious Leaders on Parties to Armed Conflict

人道主义准则旨在通过要求武装冲突各方保护平民免受袭击、被拘留者免受虐待，并为人道主义援助提供便利，使战争“人性化”。然而，在地球仪各地，平民被杀害，被拘留者受到虐待，医院和援助车队遭到轰炸，这种情况太常见了。这种情况表明，必须确定新的办法，以促使人道主义准则得到更大程度的遵守。该项目提出了这样一种新颖的方法。它着重于宗教领袖在影响国家和非国家武装行为者使人道主义准则内在化方面（可以）发挥的作用，其最终目的是加强对受战争影响的社区成员的保护，该项目所依据的观察是，过去几十年来，各种信仰的宗教领袖提出了促进尊重人道主义准则的宗教解释，或者相反，与之直接冲突的东西在这样做时，宗教领袖依靠的是一种植根于传统或魅力的特殊合法性，这种合法性使他们在许多冲突局势中成为特别有影响力的社会行为者。该项目通过描绘宗教领袖在利比亚、马里、缅甸和哥伦比亚武装冲突中的作用，将增进人们对宗教领袖发出何种信息以及这些信息与人道主义规范的关系的了解。该项目将通过对这四个国家的宗教领袖、选定的武装行为体现任和前任成员以及属于受影响社区的个人进行320次访谈，力求了解宗教解释对冲突各方的影响。通过为人道主义组织制定和试行指导方针，该项目将使从业人员能够与实地的宗教领袖接触，以探索宗教领袖支持人道主义规范和影响冲突各方遵守这些规范的最有效方式。将通过40个数字故事向更广泛的受众描绘宗教领袖对他们在“人性化”战争中所能发挥的作用的看法，以及受影响社区成员的看法。（音频，视频，照片和文字材料）20.该项目是与人道主义组织“日内瓦呼吁”和联合国儿童权利自由问题特别报告员密切合作设计和制定的。宗教或信仰。另外两个重要的人道主义组织，红十字国际委员会和迪亚科尼亚全球国际人道主义法中心，以及一个学术机构，布宜诺斯艾利斯大学国际人道主义法观察站，正在支持该项目，并将参与其活动。

Humanitarian norms aim to 'humanise' war by requiring parties to armed conflict to protect civilians from attacks, detainees from abuse, and to facilitate humanitarian assistance. Yet, across the globe and all too often, civilians are killed, detainees are ill-treated, and hospitals and aid convoys are bombed. This situation portrays the need for the identification of new approaches aimed at generating greater compliance with humanitarian norms. This project proposes such a novel approach. It focuses on the role that religious leaders (can) play in influencing state and non-state armed actors to internalise humanitarian norms with the ultimate aim of enhancing the protection of members of communities affected by war.The project is premised on the observation that religious leaders of various faiths have over the past decades put forward interpretations of religion that further the respect of humanitarian norms or, on the contrary, that come in direct conflict with them. In so doing, religious leaders are relying on a special type of legitimacy anchored in tradition or charisma, which shapes them as particularly influential societal actors in many conflict situations. By mapping their role in armed conflicts in Libya, Mali, Myanmar and Colombia, the project will enhance the understanding of what types of messages religious leaders put forward and how these relate to humanitarian norms. The project will seek to understand the influence of religious interpretations on the parties to the conflict through 320 interviews with religious leaders, selected current and former members of armed actors, and individuals belonging to affected communities in the four countries. By crafting and piloting guidelines for humanitarian organisations, the project will enable practitioners to engage with religious leaders on the ground with the aim to explore the most effective ways in which religious leaders can support humanitarian norms and influence parties to a conflict to comply with these norms. The perspectives of religious leaders on the role they can play to 'humanise' war, and those of members of affected communities, will be portrayed to wider audiences through 40 digital stories (short recordings with audio, video, photographic and textual material).The project has been designed and will be developed in close partnership with the humanitarian organisation Geneva Call and the United Nations Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief. Two other key humanitarian organisations are supporting the project and will be involved in its activities, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Diakonia Global International Humanitarian Law Centre, alongside an academic institution, the Observatory on International Humanitarian Law of the University of Buenos Aires.