RADICAL: Respect and Disrespect in Children's and Adolescents' Lives

代际关系危机日益加深，对儿童和青少年（CYP）心理健康和福祉的关注日益增加，这可能与CYP、同龄人和其他几代人之间的日常互动有关或表现出来。我们团队中的年轻研究人员将这些问题与“尊重”、“不尊重”和/或“缺乏尊重”联系起来。给予和获得尊重，以及经历和表现不尊重的经历，当然取决于个人和他们的环境：一组行为可能，例如，故意不尊重（例如对老师），以获得同龄人的尊重（通过抗议感知到的侮辱）。CYP可能会解释成年人的某些行为，比如禁止成群结队地进入商店是不尊重的，而其他人可能会认为这是必要的商业惯例。许多成年人希望得到CYP的尊重，但并不总是以他们理解的方式或原因。尊重很少是与CYP相关的研究的主要焦点，而对不尊重的研究更少。CYP没有作为共同研究人员参与其中。此外，对于这个项目来说，重要的是，成年人对尊重和不尊重进行了理论化、定义和研究，通常以成年人为受访者。在现有的研究中，成年人报告说CYP缺乏尊重，而CYP，当被问及他们与成年人和其他人的关系时，经常评论说缺乏对他们的尊重。我们从一开始就与CYP的一个咨询小组合作，以确定研究的重点和设计（一种激进的研究方法本身），并且，在我们认为在儿童研究中具有高度创新性的方法中，我们将继续与他们和一个年幼的儿童咨询小组合作，发展他们自己的尊重和不尊重理论，这将指导研究；对研究内容和如何开展的决定作出贡献；并理解、发表、分发和交流研究结果。我们将使用多种方法使CYP能够发展尊重理论，并捕捉CYP对尊重/不尊重/缺乏尊重的观点、态度和生活经验。这些措施包括：对一大群儿童进行有代表性的调查；在“对话中心”与青少年团体进行参与性研究，并与可能以不同方式受到尊重/不尊重的青少年（例如残疾人士）进行个人叙述性访谈；有护理或刑事司法系统经验的人；LGBT+群体；少数民族;还有那些有慢性和隐形健康问题的人。在项目的每个阶段，我们都将与CYP共同研究，确定询问的内容，询问的方式，以及如何理解，公开和用于改善CYP的体验。这项研究将以北爱尔兰为基地，使我们能够利用我们广泛的网络与政府、公共和志愿部门的主要利益相关者进行合作。我们将把CYP与与CYP生活相关的各个领域的重要成年人和决策者联系起来，包括教育、社会和医疗保健、交通和商业——这些群体被我们的年轻合作研究人员确定为目标利益相关者。这种方法将开辟新的领域，为尊重和不尊重提供一个由儿童撰写的理论。它还将尝试新的方法，并挑战关于儿童如何理解和体验尊重的现有假设。研究结果将为地方政府的政策和专业实践提供信息，以期改善青少年与同龄人以及成年人之间的关系。此外，我们将与CYP和成人利益相关者合作，确定展示这些发现并使其具有影响力的最有效方式，并将以创新的、创造性的代际展示完成该项目。

There is a deepening crisis in intergenerational relationships which, alongside a growing concern about children and young people's (CYP) mental health and well-being, may be linked to, or manifest in, everyday interactions between CYP, their peers and other generations. The young co-researchers in our team have linked these to issues of 'respect', 'disrespect' and/or 'lack of respect'. Experiences of giving and getting respect, and experiencing and showing disrespect, will depend, of course, on individual CYP and their circumstances: one set of behaviours may, for example, be a deliberate attempt to be disrespectful (e.g.to a teacher) in order to gain respect of peers (by protesting against a perceived indignity). CYP may interpret certain behaviours of adults, such as bans on entering shops in groups as disrespectful, while others might see this as a necessary business practice. Many adults expect to have the respect of CYP, but not always in ways or for reasons that are understood by them.Respect is rarely the primary focus of research related to CYP, and research on disrespect is rarer still. In none are CYP involved as co-researchers. Further, and significantly for this project, respect and disrespect have been theorised, defined and researched by adults, often with adults as respondents. In existing research, adults report a lack of respect shown by CYP, and CYP, when asked about their relationships with adults and others, often comment on a lack of respect shown to them.We have worked from the outset with an advisory group of CYP to determine the focus and design of the research (a radical approach to research in itself), and, in an approach that we consider to be highly innovative in childhood research, will continue to work with them and an advisory group of younger children to develop their own theories of respect and disrespect which will guide the study; contribute to decisions about what will be researched and how it will be carried out; and to understand, publish, distribute and communicate the findings. We will use a variety of methods to enable CYP to develop a theory of respect, and to capture CYP's views, attitudes and lived experience of respect/disrespect/lack of respect. These will include: conducting representative surveys of a large group of children; undertaking participatory research with groups of CYP in 'dialogue hubs', as well as individual narrative interviews with CYP who may experience respect/disrespect in distinctive ways, for example, those with disabilities; who have experience of care or the criminal justice system; who are LGBT+; ethnic minorities; and who have chronic and invisible health conditions. At every stage of the project, we will work with CYP as co-researchers to determine what is asked, how it is asked, and how the findings should be understood, made public and used to improve CYP's experiences.The study will be based in Northern Ireland, enabling us to harness our extensive networks to collaborate throughout with key stakeholders in government and across the public and voluntary sectors. We will connect CYP to significant adults and decision-makers from a variety of spheres connected to CYP lives including education, social and health care, transport and businesses - groups identified as target stakeholders by our young co-researchers. The approach will break new ground by contributing a child-authored theory of respect and disrespect. It will also trial new methods, and challenge existing assumptions about how children understand and experience respect. The findings will inform local government policy and professional practice with a view to generating improved relationships among CYP and their peers and the adults in their lives. We will, in addition, work with CYP and adult stakeholders to determine the most effective ways of presenting those findings and making them impactful, and will complete the project with an innovative, creative intergenerational showcase.