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Indigenous development alternatives: An urban youth perspective from Bolivia

土著发展替代方案：玻利维亚城市青年的视角

基本信息

批准号：
ES/T002298/1
负责人：
Philipp Horn
金额：
$ 30.65万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT002298%2F1
关键词：
Indigenous development alternatives urban youth

项目摘要

Indigenous peoples are often portrayed as living in isolated rural areas and pristine natural settings. Yet, throughout the world, indigenous peoples are increasingly affected by urbanization. Indigenous peoples either move from the countryside to cities or their rural lands are transformed by urban expansion. 40 percent of the world's indigenous population lived in urban areas in 2010, with numbers set to rise to more than 60 percent by 2020. More than half of the world's urban indigenous population can be classified as young people, ranging between ages 16 and 25. Within urban areas, indigenous youth are often trapped in poverty, confronted by discrimination and excluded from employment and education opportunities. They are also excluded from indigenous rights movements, which predominantly focus on rural areas. Urban indigenous youths, therefore, represent the marginalized among an already historically marginalized group. And yet, indigenous youths are not passive victims. They confront problems of exclusion and marginalization in their everyday political struggles. Little is known, however, on whether urban youth activism promotes indigenous development alternatives, defined here as knowledge and practices that break intra-/ inter-ethnic inequalities and provide ideas for more sustainable urban futures. This project addresses this gap through examining the dynamic interactions of urbanization, youth activism and indigenous development alternatives. It explores the driving forces contributing to the urbanization of indigenous peoples, with particular emphasis on youth; describes the lived realities of indigenous youth living in distinct urban settings; investigates indigenous development alternatives put forward by activist youth groups; and assesses the extent to which practitioners address and integrate the interests, needs and priorities of indigenous youth into policy and planning interventions. The project focuses on Bolivia, a country with a particularly large and diverse indigenous population which is predominantly young and urban. The PI has worked over the last five years with indigenous communities in this country and established trustful relationships with indigenous youth groups and support organisations. Building on existing partnerships, the project develops a new tradition of youth participatory action research which involves indigenous youth in all stages of the research, following primarily their interests and priorities. The project focuses on four case studies within Bolivia which represent different urban settings, including the cities of El Alto and Santa Cruz, peri-urban neighbourhoods in Sucre, and the urbanizing Amazon region. It also investigates different yet interconnected examples of youth activism which seek to promote pathways for indigenous development alternatives centring around a variety of topics, including: - indigenous identity and organisational change;- anti-displacement struggles;- gender equality;- land management, housing, governance and sustainable business models. Taken together, the case studies capture the complexity and diversity of indigenous development alternatives put forward by youth activists. Through national, regional and global knowledge exchanges, findings will be shared with indigenous youth and relevant stakeholder groups. Findings will also be positioned within wider academic and policy debates on the urbanisation of indigenous peoples and their territories. The research will disrupt rural and essential images of indigenous development through an urban youth perspective. By focusing on indigenous development alternatives, the project intends to highlight pathways for the promotion of more inclusive and just urban societies in which no indigenous person, independent of age, gender or location of residence, is left behind. The project thereby addresses key development priorities outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals.

土著人民经常被描绘成生活在与世隔绝的农村地区和原始的自然环境中。然而，在世界各地，土著人民日益受到城市化的影响。土著人民要么从农村迁往城市，要么他们的农村土地被城市扩张所改变。2010年，世界上40%的土著人口居住在城市地区，到2020年，这一数字将上升到60%以上。世界上一半以上的城市土著人口可归类为年轻人，年龄在16至25岁之间。在城市地区，土著青年往往陷入贫困，面临歧视，被排除在就业和教育机会之外。他们也被排除在土著权利运动之外，这些运动主要集中在农村地区。因此，城市土著青年代表了历史上已经被边缘化的群体中的边缘化群体。然而，土著青年并不是被动的受害者。他们在日常的政治斗争中面临着被排斥和边缘化的问题。然而，对于城市青年行动主义是否促进了本土发展替代方案，我们知之甚少，这里将其定义为打破种族内部/种族间不平等的知识和实践，并为更可持续的城市未来提供想法。该项目通过考察城市化、青年行动主义和土著发展替代方案之间的动态相互作用来解决这一差距。报告探讨了促进土著人民城市化的动力，特别强调青年问题；描述生活在不同城市环境中的土著青年的生活现实；调查激进青年团体提出的土著发展方案；并评估从业人员在多大程度上将土著青年的兴趣、需求和优先事项纳入政策和规划干预措施。该项目的重点是玻利维亚，这个国家的土著人口特别庞大和多样化，主要是年轻人和城市人口。在过去五年中，PI一直与该国的土著社区合作，并与土著青年团体和支持组织建立了信任关系。在现有伙伴关系的基础上，该项目发展了青年参与性行动研究的新传统，使土著青年主要按照他们的兴趣和优先事项参与研究的所有阶段。该项目侧重于玻利维亚的四个案例研究，它们代表了不同的城市环境，包括埃尔阿尔托和圣克鲁斯的城市，苏克雷的城郊社区和城市化的亚马逊地区。它还调查了青年行动主义的不同但相互关联的例子，这些例子寻求促进围绕各种主题的土著发展替代途径，包括：-土著身份和组织变革；-反位移斗争；-两性平等；-土地管理、房屋、管治和可持续商业模式。总的来说，这些案例研究反映了青年活动人士提出的土著发展备选方案的复杂性和多样性。通过国家、区域和全球知识交流，成果将与土著青年和相关利益攸关方团体分享。研究结果还将纳入关于土著人民及其领土城市化的更广泛的学术和政策辩论。这项研究将通过城市青年的视角打破农村和土著发展的基本形象。通过关注土著发展备选方案，该项目旨在强调促进更加包容和公正的城市社会的途径，使任何土著居民，无论其年龄、性别或居住地如何，都不会被落下。因此，该项目涉及可持续发展目标中概述的关键发展优先事项。