权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

The (Post-)Politics of Sharing Economies: A Study from The Global South

共享经济的（后）政治：来自全球南方的研究

基本信息

批准号：
ES/T006129/1
负责人：
Juan M. Del Nido
金额：
$ 12.34万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT006129%2F1
关键词：
Post Politics Sharing Economies Study

项目摘要

Through the case study of the conflict surrounding Uber's arrival in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in mid-2016, the aim of my work under this Fellowship is to examine how new technologies, in particular the so-called sharing economies, are reshaping how we understand some of the basic categories of social life, from the ideas of "competition" and "transparency" to what "progress" and "legitimacy" actually mean. Researchers and the general public alike often either celebrate sharing economies and their unbridled potential for economic opportunity, or decry the ever-increasing precarisation of work conditions and professions under the guise of innovation. Beyond this debate, the aim of my work is to show how these technologies are actually affecting how our economies, political institutions and legal systems make sense of contemporary life. I build on twelve months of continuous fieldwork spanning the months before, during and after the conflict surrounding Uber's arrival; interviews with policymakers, union leaders, taxi drivers and their passengers and Uber drivers and their users; and the legal documents of the case against Uber as it played out in local courts. I aim to show how the behaviour, mechanisms and technical properties of these technologies bring about new understandings of what counts as political - that is, what is at stake and can be disagreed upon - and what people perceive to lie beyond the sphere of debate. As they encode prices, incentives and what we understand as market forces, my claim is that these technologies are reframing what we understand as natural, technical and objective and therefore what we choose to scrutinise and how. The case in Buenos Aires shows that a consequence of this reframing is a profound change in how citizens understand the role of the state and policy makers when it comes to engaging with these technologies and with the companies that provide them. This impact is all the more serious in societies across the Global South: these countries are usually receivers of these technologies, and in societies haunted by bureaucratic indolence, verified or suspected corruption and the knowledge of being in the periphery of modernity, technological innovations are much more likely to displace the state and policy makers when it comes to deciding how to govern our lives.During this year I also aim to put my findings with respect to metropolitan societies of the Global South in dialogue with current debates in Manchester and the UK at large regarding the role of these technologies in British life. In light of Uber's recent legal travails in London and amid growing concern with how companies like Deliveroo and Airbnb reshape services and the use of space in British cities, can we still think of the economic relations these technologies bring about as "markets", and can those who participate in them actually compete, and if so, how? Do we have the legal and political tools to understand their pricing, their labour practices and the ways in which they organise and redefine work, transportation and leisure? Are their ratings and other trust mechanisms built into them effective, transparent or reliable when it comes to understanding quality or efficacy, and if so, to whom? Who in society is better off because of them and who is not? Should they be regulated, and if so, why, how and at what scale?Crucially, the overall aim of my research is to build an interdisciplinary research agenda built on citizen's use, understandings and expectations of these technologies for policymakers, researchers and citizens alike to reflect on the profound changes such technologies are bringing to our lives.

通过对2016年年中Uber抵达阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯的冲突的案例研究，我在该奖学金下工作的目的是研究新技术，特别是所谓的共享经济，如何重塑我们对社会生活的一些基本类别的理解，从“竞争”和“透明度”的概念到“进步”和“合法性”的实际含义。研究人员和公众通常要么庆祝共享经济及其无限的经济机会潜力，要么谴责在创新的幌子下不断增加的工作条件和职业的不稳定性。除了这场辩论，我的工作的目的是展示这些技术如何实际影响我们的经济，政治机构和法律的制度如何理解当代生活。我建立在12个月的持续实地调查的基础上，这些调查跨越了围绕优步到来的冲突之前、期间和之后的几个月;对政策制定者、工会领导人、出租车司机和他们的乘客以及优步司机和他们的用户的采访;以及针对优步的法律的文件，因为它在当地法院上演。我的目标是展示这些技术的行为、机制和技术特性如何带来对什么是政治的新理解--也就是说，什么是利害攸关的，什么是可以不同意的--以及人们认为什么是超出辩论范围的。当它们编码价格、激励和我们所理解的市场力量时，我的主张是，这些技术正在重新定义我们所理解的自然、技术和客观，因此我们选择审查什么以及如何审查。布宜诺斯艾利斯的案例表明，这种重构的结果是，公民在如何理解国家和政策制定者在参与这些技术和提供这些技术的公司时的作用方面发生了深刻的变化。这种影响在全球南方的社会中更为严重：这些国家通常是这些技术的接受者，在一个充斥着官僚主义懒惰、被证实或怀疑的腐败以及处于现代化边缘的知识的社会中，在决定如何管理我们的生活时，技术创新更有可能取代国家和政策制定者。今年，我还打算将我关于全球南方大都市社会的研究结果与曼彻斯特和整个英国目前关于这些技术在英国生活中的作用的辩论进行对话。考虑到Uber最近在伦敦遭遇的法律的麻烦，以及人们越来越担心像Uber和Airbnb这样的公司如何重塑英国城市的服务和空间使用，我们还能把这些技术带来的经济关系看作是“市场”吗？参与这些技术的人真的能竞争吗？如果能，又该如何竞争？我们是否有法律的和政治工具来了解他们的定价、他们的劳动实践以及他们组织和重新定义工作、交通和休闲的方式？在了解质量或功效方面，它们的评级和其他信任机制是否有效、透明或可靠？如果是，对谁有效？社会上谁因为他们而变得更好，谁不是？它们是否应该受到管制，如果应该，为什么、如何以及以何种规模进行管制？至关重要的是，我的研究的总体目标是建立一个跨学科的研究议程，建立在公民的使用，理解和期望这些技术的决策者，研究人员和公民都反映这些技术给我们的生活带来的深刻变化。