The power of 'suggestion': an ethnographic study of therapeutic vernacularisation, sociality, and governance in Indonesia's hypnosis boom

“建议”的力量：印度尼西亚催眠热潮中治疗性白话化、社会性和治理的民族志研究

• 批准号: ES/T013796/1
• 负责人: Nicholas Long
• 金额: $ 43.38万
• 依托单位: London School of Economics and Political Science
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT013796%2F1
• 关键词: power; suggestion; ethnographic; study; therapeutic

Hypnotherapy is becoming big business in Indonesia. Over 31,000 Indonesians have trained as 'certified hypnotists' with the Indonesian Board of Hypnotherapy since it was founded in 2002. Many more have trained with rival associations. Their services are used in various ways. Some treat clients seeking therapy for medical, emotional or personal issues. Elsewhere, hypnosis has become embedded within schools, workplaces and the family home, where it is used to educate, motivate, and secure a brighter future for Indonesia as a nation. This project, which builds on pilot research by the PI, will be the first ever dedicated ethnographic study of hypnotherapy. Combining intensive participant observation of the hypnotherapy scene in three Indonesian towns with semi-structured interviews of hypnotherapists and their clients, it will examine why so many people in Indonesia have come to embrace hypnotherapy, why they practice it as they do, and the influence that learning about hypnotherapy has had on their everyday lives. Time will also be spent conducting research in Malaysia (Indonesia's primary export market for hypnotherapy training) and discussing the data with British hypnosis associations, so as to illuminate, and gain critical perspectives on, the ways that the experience and practice of hypnotherapy can be shaped by specific national histories and cultural traditions. The project addresses core theoretical issues in anthropology. A priority for medical anthropology is to understand how and why cosmopolitan therapeutic forms are embraced, rejected, or modified as they move around the globe. This project will illuminate Indonesians' motivations for engaging with hypnotherapy, the challenges therapists encounter as they attempt to implement principles and procedures devised in Euro-American settings within the Indonesian context, and the strategies they adopt to overcome these. It will thus shed light on how and why therapeutic vernacularisation occurs. But it will also make a contribution to psychological anthropology by revealing the possible limitations of Euro-American theories of hypnosis and suggestion for understanding hypnotic interactions in a setting where cultural traditions, postcolonial histories and perspectives on one's global situation differ markedly from those in the secular West. The project will also offer a timely portrait of the forms of psychological governance, subjectivity and sociality that are emerging under the Jokowi Presidency, which has called for a 'Mental Revolution' amongst Indonesia's population. Given its standing as the world's fourth most populous nation, tenth largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, and a major emerging market, there are clear strategic interests in understanding the socio-cultural transformations underway in Indonesian society. An ethnographic study of hypnotherapy will illuminate the problems and difficulties with which Indonesians are currently grappling, leading them to undertake hypnotherapy in the first place. It will also critically examine how exposure to the concept and practice of 'hypnotherapy'--which, as noted earlier, is not confined to 'clinical' spaces but becoming increasingly embedded in the everyday routines of schools, workplaces and family homes--is leading to new ways of relating to oneself and others.Besides scholarly outputs, the project will culminate in a UK-based exhibition and associated programme of talks, informing audiences about hypnotherapy and its cross-cultural manifestations whilst spurring them to reflect critically on the values and histories underpinning their own commitments to particular forms of therapeutic practice.

催眠疗法在印度尼西亚正成为一项大生意。自2002年印度尼西亚催眠治疗委员会成立以来，已有超过31，000名印度尼西亚人接受了“认证催眠师”的培训。更多的人在竞争对手的协会接受培训。他们的服务以各种方式使用。有些人治疗因医疗、情感或个人问题寻求治疗的客户。在其他地方，催眠已被嵌入学校，工作场所和家庭，在那里它被用来教育，激励和确保印度尼西亚作为一个国家的更光明的未来。这个项目建立在PI的试点研究的基础上，将是第一个专门的催眠疗法民族志研究。结合密集的参与者观察催眠治疗现场在三个印度尼西亚城镇催眠治疗师和他们的客户的半结构化访谈，它将研究为什么这么多人在印度尼西亚已经开始接受催眠治疗，为什么他们这样做，以及学习催眠治疗对他们的日常生活的影响。时间也将花在马来西亚进行研究（印度尼西亚的催眠疗法培训的主要出口市场），并讨论与英国催眠协会的数据，以照亮，并获得关键的观点，催眠疗法的经验和实践可以通过特定的国家历史和文化传统塑造的方式。该项目涉及人类学的核心理论问题。医学人类学的首要任务是了解世界性的治疗形式在地球仪中如何以及为什么被接受、拒绝或修改。该项目将阐明印度尼西亚人参与催眠治疗的动机，治疗师在印度尼西亚背景下尝试实施欧美环境中设计的原则和程序时遇到的挑战，以及他们为克服这些挑战而采取的策略。因此，它将阐明如何以及为什么治疗白话化发生。但它也将通过揭示欧美催眠和暗示理论在理解催眠互动方面的可能局限性，对心理人类学做出贡献，因为文化传统，后殖民历史和对全球局势的看法与世俗西方有显着不同。该项目还将及时描绘在佐科威总统任期内出现的心理治理、主体性和社会性形式，佐科威总统呼吁印尼民众进行“精神革命”。鉴于其作为世界第四大人口大国、按购买力平价计算的第十大经济体和主要新兴市场的地位，了解印度尼西亚社会正在进行的社会文化变革具有明显的战略利益。催眠疗法的民族志研究将阐明的问题和困难，其中马来西亚人目前正在努力，导致他们进行催眠疗法摆在首位。它还将批判性地研究如何接触到“催眠疗法”的概念和实践-如前所述，它不仅限于“临床”空间，而且越来越多地嵌入学校，工作场所和家庭的日常生活中-正在导致与自己和他人建立关系的新方式。除了学术成果，该项目将在英国举办展览和相关讲座，向观众介绍催眠疗法及其跨文化表现，同时促使他们批判性地反思支撑他们对特定形式治疗实践的承诺的价值观和历史。

项目成果

Ethnographic Encounters: Essays in Honour of Martin Rössler

民族志遭遇：纪念马丁·罗斯勒的散文

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Long, N.J.

Troubleshooting humans: Modelling the pathways to inertia, backsliding and moral transgression on Indonesia's hypnotherapy circuit

解决人类问题：模拟印度尼西亚催眠疗法中惰性、倒退和道德违规的路径

• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Akrasia in Anthropological Perspectives
• 作者: Long N.J.

Energy-based hypnosis content creation, Indonesia

基于能量的催眠内容创作，印度尼西亚

• DOI: 10.1111/anhu.12443
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Anthropology and Humanism
• 作者: Long N