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Carbon Economies: Precarious Labour, Local Politics, and Inequality in the Eastern Indian Coal Belt

碳经济：印度东部煤矿带的不稳定劳动力、当地政治和不平等

基本信息

批准号：
ES/V007173/1
负责人：
Itay Noy
金额：
$ 13.11万
依托单位：
School of Oriental and African Studies
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FV007173%2F1
关键词：
Carbon Economies Precarious Labour Local

项目摘要

In the mineral-bearing tracts of eastern India, coal mining activities have for decades been concentrated in areas inhabited by indigenous communities, and brought about dispossession, displacement, and the erosion of land- and forest-based ways of life. Based on 18 months of fieldwork in a mining-affected indigenous village, my doctoral research examines the variegated ways in which mining industrialisation has affected different groups of villagers - from illegal coal peddlers to colliery employees - and its wider impact on the community as a whole. By providing an insight into the lives, livelihoods, and perspectives of people engulfed by mining operations, the research challenges common assumptions on the effects of, and responses to, extractive industrialism and dispossession, and contributes to theoretical engagements with labour, inequality, and politics.First, at variance with prominent critical theories of dispossession, the thesis shows how rather than simply the destruction of rural communities, dispossession can generate socioeconomic differentiation within them, creating new and deeper internal inequalities. By exploring these inequalities in relation to the different types of work, formal and informal, that have emerged locally as a result of mining, the research contributes to the literature on work and precarity. It illustrates how different forms of informal labour can carry different degrees of precarity and meanings for labourers - in terms of stability, autonomy, work rhythms, and gender dynamics - that inflect their present and longer-term livelihood strategies.Second, contrary to the prevalent narrative of resistance to mining and dispossession by rural - and especially indigenous - communities, the research shows how such processes can produce not protest but participation in the economy of carbon extraction. By examining local forms of co-option and clientelism in connection with mining operations, the research contributes to our understanding of the politics of dispossession and extractive industrialism. It illuminates how political leaders and potential activists can become brokers between extractive projects and villagers, and how this can lead to shifts in everyday sociopolitical relations that act to curb rather than foster possibilities of collective action. These insights are also crucial for debates on energy resources and ecological change. By casting light on the range of local coal-related forms of labour, and the intricacies of local politics around mining and dispossession, the research illustrates how rural indigenous livelihoods can become almost exclusively dependent on fossil fuel extraction, and their very survival bound up with precarious, environmentally-detrimental carbon-based economies.Different chapters of the thesis form the basis for the three journal articles I will produce during the fellowship, which make specific respective theoretical contributions: to our understanding of the everyday politics of extractive industrialisation and dispossession; of precarious, informal labour; and of the temporality of inequality and precarity. The thesis as a whole forms the basis for the book proposal I will pitch to selected publishers. In addition to the impact of the articles and - at a later stage - the monograph, the project includes several other impact-oriented activities. First, presentations in selected academic conferences, which will disseminate the research within academia. Second, the workshop I will co-organise with my mentor at SOAS, which will include both scholars and activist and civil society organisations, and generate broad conversations on issues around extractive industrialism, dispossession, and politics. And third, publications in public-facing forums that will engage general audiences by tapping into timely public debates on some of the most pivotal challenges of our time: growing inequalities, carbon and energy futures, and environmental change.

在印度东部的矿产地带，几十年来，煤炭开采活动一直集中在土著社区居住的地区，造成了土地被剥夺、流离失所以及以土地和森林为基础的生活方式受到侵蚀。基于在一个受采矿影响的土著村庄进行的18个月的实地考察，我的博士研究考察了采矿工业化影响不同村民群体的各种方式-从非法煤炭小贩到煤矿员工-以及其对整个社区的更广泛影响。通过提供对生活的洞察，生计，以及被采矿作业吞没的人们的观点，该研究挑战了对采掘工业主义和剥夺的影响和反应的常见假设，并有助于与劳动，不平等和政治的理论接触。剥夺财产会在他们内部造成社会经济分化，造成新的和更深的内部不平等。通过探讨这些不平等现象与当地因采矿而出现的不同类型的正式和非正式工作之间的关系，这项研究为关于工作和不稳定性的文献作出了贡献。它说明了不同形式的非正规劳动如何在稳定性、自主性、工作节奏和性别动态方面对劳动者带来不同程度的不稳定性和意义，从而影响他们目前和长期的生计战略。这项研究表明，这种进程如何能够产生对碳提取经济的参与，而不是抗议。通过研究与采矿作业有关的地方形式的合作选择和客户主义，研究有助于我们理解剥夺和采掘工业主义的政治。它阐明了政治领导人和潜在的活动家如何成为采掘项目和村民之间的中间人，以及这如何导致日常社会政治关系的转变，从而抑制而不是促进集体行动的可能性。这些见解对于能源资源和生态变化的辩论也至关重要。通过揭示当地与煤炭有关的劳动形式的范围，以及围绕采矿和剥夺的当地政治的复杂性，这项研究说明了农村土著人的生计如何几乎完全依赖化石燃料开采，他们的生存与不稳定，对环境有害的碳-论文的不同章节构成了我将在奖学金期间发表的三篇期刊文章的基础，它们分别做出了具体的理论贡献：我们对采掘工业化和剥夺的日常政治的理解;不稳定的非正式劳动;以及不平等和不稳定的暂时性。这篇论文作为一个整体构成了我将向选定的出版商推销的图书提案的基础。除了文章的影响和稍后阶段的专题论文之外，该项目还包括其他几项面向影响的活动。首先，在选定的学术会议上发表演讲，在学术界传播研究成果。其次，我将与我在SOAS的导师共同组织研讨会，其中包括学者、活动家和民间社会组织，并就采掘工业主义、剥夺和政治问题展开广泛的对话。第三，在面向公众的论坛上发表出版物，通过及时利用关于我们这个时代一些最关键挑战的公众辩论，吸引普通受众：日益加剧的不平等，碳和能源未来以及环境变化。