NordForsk Digitalisation of the Public Sector - Critical Understanding of Predictive Policing

北欧-波罗的海国家和英国不仅被认为是公共部门数字化的领导者，而且在执法方面也建立了长期合作。与此同时，执法部门是公共部门的一个重要机构，目前正在通过应用数字战略来提高其预测事件的效率和效力，并在几个国家实现犯罪推断工作的自动化，目前该机构正在经历逐步转型。在警察工作中使用数据驱动的创新在政策、媒体、法律和学术辩论中引起了相当大的关注。然而，这些辩论在很大程度上是投机性的，重点是新形式警察工作的潜力。我们实际上对大数据在执法活动中如何被采用和适应以及产生什么后果知之甚少。此外，数据分析的激增引发了人们对公民权利如何得到保护的疑问，因为被视为“安全”或“治安”的东西正在发生根本性的转变。对预测性警务的批判性理解的目的是调查丹麦、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、挪威、瑞典和英国的警察和数字警察基础设施开发商是如何构思和嵌入数据驱动的警察创新以及警察和数字警察基础设施开发人员如何构思和嵌入机构和社会价值、数字负担和组织政治的。Cupp项目将在科学和技术研究(STS)、关键犯罪学和关键大数据研究的交叉领域应用一个跨学科框架，以确定和探索数据驱动的警察技术对社会和最终用户的相关影响和影响。CUPP将采用三个阶段的方法论方法，包括最近的历史学、田野调查和访谈，以及合作干预主义分析。研究小组将就如何在数字化状态下构思和实施执法，以及如何确保公众参与和审查数字基础设施的采购、实施和使用产生重要的新见解。此外，这项研究将阐明数字解决方案中包含哪些价值观和政治因素。

The Nordic-Baltic countries and the UK are not only considered leaders in the digitalization of the public sector, but they have also established long-term cooperation in regards to law enforcement. At the same time, law enforcement constitutes an important institution of the public sector that is currently going through a gradual transformation by applying digital strategies to improve its efficiency and effectiveness to predict events and automate work in crime deduction in several countries. The use of data driven innovations in police work has raised considerable attention in policy, media, legal, and academic debates. However, these debates are largely speculative, focusing on the potentials of new forms of police work. We actually know very little about how big data is adopted and adapted in law enforcement activities and to what consequence. Moreover, the proliferation of data analytics brings into question how citizens' rights are being protected as what counts as 'safety' or 'policing' is being fundamentally transformed. The aim of Critical Understanding of Predictive Policing is to investigate how institutional and social values, digital affordances, and organizational politics are conceived and embedded in data-driven police innovations, as well as experienced and practiced by police officers and developers of digital police infrastructure in Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Norway, Sweden and the UK. The CUPP project will apply an interdisciplinary framework at the intersection of Science and Technology Studies (STS), Critical Criminology, and Critical Big Data Studies to identify and explore the related effects and impact of data driven police technologies on society and end-users. CUPP will apply a three-phase methodological approach consisting of recent historiography, fieldwork and interviews, and collaborative interventionist analysis. The research team will generate vital new insights about how law enforcement is conceived and practiced in the digitalized state, as well as how public participation and scrutiny is ensured in the procurement, implementation and use of digital infrastructures. Additionally, the research will shed light on what values and politics are inscribed within digital solutions.