Planning for transitions? Exploring the interface between planning, politics and grassroots sustainability transitions

计划过渡？

• 批准号: ES/V011421/1
• 负责人: Amy Burnett
• 金额: $ 13.66万
• 依托单位: University of Surrey
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FV011421%2F1
• 关键词: Planning; transitions; Exploring; interface; between

The UK government declared a climate emergency in May 2019. As of February 2020, 269 out of 408 (65%) District, County, Unitary and Metropolitan Councils declared a Climate Emergency, as well as eight Combined Authorities/City Regions (Climate Emergency, 2020). In June 2019, national government set a target of net-zero emissions by 2050, compared to the previous one of at least an 80% reduction by that date. The planning process has a significant role to play in promoting a sustainable approach to land management in built and natural environments (Williams, 2013, Carroli, 2018; Smedby and Quitzau, 2016). For instance, should the Environment Bill and Agriculture Bills receive Royal Assent, planning could help deliver 'public good' benefits (where environmental enhancements are rewarded by government policy, such as improved soil and water quality) or net-biodiversity gain (leaving the environment and habitats in a better condition than before development). These moves are heralded as a step-change (HMG, 2020) and could well support a move towards, or transition to, more 'sustainable' development patterns; however, these are relatively new concepts that planning authorities will need to adapt to. My PhD research on Frome, a market town in Somerset, South West England has important lessons for local democracy and environmental action. Frome town council is, since 2011, controlled by a group of local people under the guise of the 'Independents for Frome (IfF)' group. IfF is a non-party-political organisation and, by bypassing party-politics, has achieved many positive initiatives by breaking the mould of adversarial, divisive forms of party-politics; including reconstructing the administration of the town council towards non-partisan Ways of Working. Many initiatives under IfF, such as seeking to bestow 'nature rights' on the local River Frome, are what some scholars and activists term the 'Commons' - the community-management of resources with societal and environmental benefits. Frome's experiences and reasons for success can provide insights in how to capture and reorientate local institutions towards environmental benefits and social wellbeing. Frome's story also reveals the politics and the tensions of 'independent' actors challenging established institutions, particularly when using rights that promised to deliver power to ordinary people under the government's Localism policy agenda. For instance, my PhD found that Neighbourhood Planning strongly filtered the amount of power available at the lowest tiers of government due to the way the Planning system operates, whilst entrenching some local power networks. This Fellowship would work with and bring together identified stakeholders within community development, politics and planning through two workshops to broaden discussions on the role of planning for transitions. The first workshop, hosted at DRIFT (a widely respected consortium of cutting-edge academics and a key node in European transition networks) would explore and broaden the more theoretical lines of my PhD to probe the dynamics of sustainability in transitions (see Case for Support, PhD Summary). Tying in European developments to environmental governance to those in England would refine the papers I plan to write during the Fellowship, allowing a critical account of the politics of planning for transitions at different scales. The second workshop on the English context would deepen our understanding of how the mechanisms of planning are affected by the politics of local governance. Engaging different actors to share insights, frustrations and opportunities across 'scales' and 'sectors' could help to overcome institutional silos and encourage collaborative approaches to cultivate and capture sustainability transitions. Working with think tanks and policy actors would 'level up' these discussions towards concrete actions, supporting a framework for lesson learning and policy transfer.

英国政府于2019年5月宣布气候紧急状态。截至2020年2月，408个区、县、单位和市议会中有269个(65%)宣布气候紧急状态，以及8个当局/城市联合区域(气候紧急状态，2020)。2019年6月，中央政府制定了到2050年实现净零排放的目标，而之前的目标是到2050年至少减少80%。规划过程在促进建筑和自然环境中土地管理的可持续方法方面发挥着重要作用(Williams，2013，Caroloi，2018；Smedby和Quitzau，2016)。例如，如果《环境法案》和《农业法案》获得皇室批准，规划可以帮助实现“公益”效益(环境改善得到政府政策的奖励，如改善土壤和水的质量)或净生物多样性收益(使环境和栖息地的状况比开发前更好)。这些举措被认为是一种阶段性的变化(英国政府，2020年)，很可能有助于向更“可持续”的发展模式转变，或者向更“可持续”的发展模式过渡；然而，这些是规划当局需要适应的相对较新的概念。我在英格兰西南部萨默塞特郡的集镇弗罗姆进行的博士研究，对当地的民主和环境行动具有重要的借鉴意义。自2011年以来，Frome镇议会由一群当地人以“Frome独立者(IfF)”组织的名义控制。IFF是一个非政党政治组织，通过绕过政党政治，通过打破敌对的、分裂形式的政党政治的模式，实现了许多积极的举措；包括重建镇议会的行政管理，转向无党派的工作方式。在IfF下的许多倡议，例如寻求赋予当地的Frome河‘自然权利’，是一些学者和活动家所说的‘公地’--社区--对具有社会和环境效益的资源的管理。FROME的成功经验和原因可以为如何捕捉和调整地方机构的环境效益和社会福祉提供洞察力。弗洛姆的故事还揭示了“独立”行为者挑战现有制度的政治和紧张关系，特别是在使用政府地方主义政策议程下承诺将权力移交给普通人的权利时。例如，我的博士发现，由于规划系统的运作方式，邻里规划强烈过滤了政府最低层的可用电力，同时巩固了一些当地电力网络。该研究金将通过两个讲习班，与社区发展、政治和规划领域的特定利益攸关方合作，并将其聚集在一起，以扩大关于规划过渡的作用的讨论。第一个研讨会在DRIVE(一个广受尊敬的尖端学者联盟，也是欧洲转型网络的关键节点)举办，将探索和拓宽我的博士学位更多的理论路线，以探索转型中的可持续性动态(见Case for Support，PhD摘要)。将欧洲的发展与环境治理与英国的发展捆绑在一起，将完善我计划在联谊会期间撰写的论文，从而对不同规模的过渡规划的政治进行批判性的描述。关于英语环境的第二期讲习班将加深我们对规划机制如何受到地方治理政治影响的理解。让不同的行为者在“规模”和“部门”之间分享见解、挫折和机会，有助于克服体制孤岛，鼓励以协作方式培育和捕捉可持续发展转型。与智囊团和政策行为者合作，将把这些讨论提升到具体行动的水平，支持一个吸取教训和政策转移的框架。

项目成果

Securing a regenerative and just planning system

确保再生且公正的规划系统

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Town and Country Planning
• 作者: Burnett, B

Transformative metrics. Contributions to the studies for monitoring and evaluating how science, technology, and innovation can address social and environmental challenges

变革性指标。

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Burnett, A

Can Sustainability Knowledge-Action Platforms Advance Multi-level Sustainability Transitions?

可持续发展知识行动平台能否推动多层次的可持续发展转型？

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Burnett, A

The Politics of Transition: Innovative Place-Making and Alternative Development Models Under English Localism

转型政治：英国本土主义下的创新场所营造和替代发展模式

• 发表时间: 2024
• 作者: Burnett Amy