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Cognitive training effects across the adult lifespan: A diffusion modelling approach

认知训练对整个成人寿命的影响：扩散建模方法

基本信息

批准号：
ES/V013610/1
负责人：
Claudia Von Bastian
金额：
$ 43.93万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FV013610%2F1
关键词：
Cognitive training effects across adult

项目摘要

We all experience losses in memory and attention after our mental performance peaked around our 20s. Although this development is quite universal and difficult to reverse, there are ways to slow down losses in mental performance or at least to compensate for these losses. While pharmaceutical products counteracting this development are costly and can be associated with severe side effects, cognitive training is an affordable and easy-to-administer alternative to stay mentally fit. Cognitive training is a program of regular mental activities purported to maintain or improve one's mental abilities. In particular, the introduction of computerised cognitive training has broadened the possibilities, the diversity, and the availability of such training programs to the general audience. The general motivation behind cognitive training is the assumption that human cognitive functioning and the brain are plastic. However, critics asserted that scientific support for training-related plasticity is limited to the practiced tasks while there is no or only minimal benefit for tasks beyond the training context and in everyday life. One exception appears to be training programs that focus on improving processing speed. They usually include tasks in which trainees quickly decide between different choices. The present initiative uses a novel study design combined with an innovative computational approach to systematically investigate the benefits of processing speed training across adulthood.Besides providing robust tests of the promising effects of this type of training on cognitive functioning, this research will tackle an important yet so far unanswered question: How does processing speed training produce benefits? This research will yield important insights into how to maximise the benefits of cognitive training. First, a detailed analysis of performance in the trained tasks will reveal which changes in components of cognitive processing are essential to produce benefits in other contexts. With this knowledge, future training programs can be tailored to boost the relevant components more directly and effectively. Second, our research will determine the optimal level of training task complexity. For instance, processing speed tasks can require only little attention when they are performed in isolation, or they can demand our full attention in multitasking situations. As this may vary with people's age, we will examine the effects in adults ranging from young to old adulthood.The insights from this multi-site initiative with researchers from the UK, Germany, and Canada will allow for developing maximally effective training programs for improving attention, reasoning, and everyday cognitive functioning. With this initiative, we hope to improve our understanding of the human cognitive system, its plasticity, and ways to use this plasticity to compensate for age-related mental losses and enable people to live independently and cognitively healthy for longer.

在我们的精神表现在 20 多岁左右达到顶峰之后，我们都会经历记忆力和注意力的丧失。尽管这种发展相当普遍且难以逆转，但有一些方法可以减缓精神表现的损失，或者至少补偿这些损失。虽然抵消这种发展的药品成本高昂，并且可能会产生严重的副作用，但认知训练是一种负担得起且易于管理的替代方案，可以保持心理健康。认知训练是一种定期的心理活动计划，旨在维持或提高一个人的心理能力。特别是，计算机化认知训练的引入拓宽了此类培训项目对普通受众的可能性、多样性和可用性。认知训练背后的一般动机是假设人类认知功能和大脑是可塑的。然而，批评者声称，对与训练相关的可塑性的科学支持仅限于练习任务，而对于训练环境之外和日常生活中的任务则没有或只有很小的益处。一个例外似乎是专注于提高处理速度的培训计划。它们通常包括学员在不同选择之间快速做出决定的任务。目前的举措采用新颖的研究设计与创新的计算方法相结合，系统地研究处理速度训练对整个成年期的好处。除了提供这种类型的训练对认知功能的有希望的影响的可靠测试之外，这项研究还将解决一个重要但迄今为止尚未解答的问题：处理速度训练如何产生好处？这项研究将为如何最大限度地发挥认知训练的好处提供重要见解。首先，对训练任务表现的详细分析将揭示认知处理组成部分的哪些变化对于在其他环境中产生益处至关重要。有了这些知识，就可以定制未来的培训计划，以更直接、更有效地提升相关组成部分。其次，我们的研究将确定训练任务复杂性的最佳水平。例如，处理速度快的任务在单独执行时可能只需要很少的注意力，或者在多任务情况下可能需要我们的全部注意力。由于这可能因人的年龄而异，我们将研究对从年轻到老年的成年人的影响。来自英国、德国和加拿大研究人员的这项多地点计划的见解将有助于开发最有效的培训计划，以提高注意力、推理和日常认知功能。通过这一举措，我们希望加深对人类认知系统及其可塑性的理解，以及如何利用这种可塑性来补偿与年龄相关的精神损失，使人们能够独立且认知健康地生活更长时间。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Reply to 'Efficiency and capacity mechanisms can coexist in cognitive training'

回复“认知训练中效率与能力机制可以共存”

DOI：
10.1038/s44159-022-00147-8
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Nature Reviews Psychology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Von Bastian C
通讯作者：
Von Bastian C

Mechanisms of Cognitive Change: Training Improves the Quality But Not the Quantity of Visual Working Memory Representations.

DOI：
10.5334/joc.306
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Journal of cognition
影响因子：
0
作者：
Jiang S;Jones M;von Bastian CC
通讯作者：
von Bastian CC

Mechanisms of processing speed training and transfer effects across the adult lifespan: protocol of a multi-site cognitive training study.

DOI：
10.1186/s40359-022-00877-7
发表时间：
2022-07-08
期刊：
BMC PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
von Bastian, Claudia C.;Reinhartz, Alice;Udale, Robert C.;Gregoire, Stephanie;Essounni, Mehdi;Belleville, Sylvie;Strobach, Tilo
通讯作者：
Strobach, Tilo

TDCS over PPC or DLPFC does not improve visual working memory capacity