MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND OPTICAL SIGNS OF EXCITATION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

在过去的一年里，我们进一步调查了 水的运动和能量传递的过程 通过测量过程中的机械和热变化来测量神经系统 刺激和抑制。不断努力，不断提高 探测器的灵敏度和时间分辨率(设计 并在本实验室制造)在这些投资中使用- 提格声。此外，还尝试构建新型的 用于快速机械、热和光学测量的探测器 神经系统的变化。 过去一年取得的重大成就包括(1) 神经兴奋和传导过程的阐明 通过测量肿胀和热度来测量花鱼的嗅神经 激发时产生，(2)分泌过程分析 在豚鼠脑下垂体腺中接受机械变化 以腺体为指标，(3)突触机制的研究 豚鼠颈交感神经节的传递 猪，和(4)展示了一种异常巨大的产热率 正向激活的嗅球诱发的幅度 (牛蛙)与三相机械变化有关 (膨胀-收缩-膨胀)。所有这些研究要么是 已经完成或接近完成的。这是反复发生的 在这些研究中证明，记录非 神经兴奋和突触传递的电信号 抑制揭示了神经系统的重要特性 这是传统电生理学无法达到的 方法：研究方法。

During the past year, further investigations were conducted into the process of water movement and of energy transduction in the nervous system by measuring mechanical and thermal changes during excitation and inhibition. Continuous efforts were made to improve the sensitivity and the time-resolution of the detectors (devised and fabricated in this laboratory) employed in these inves- tigations. Attempts were also made at constructing new types of detectors for measuring rapid mechanical, thermal and optical changes in the nervous system. Significant achievements made during the past year include (1) elucidation of the process of nerve excitation and conduction in the garfish olfactory nerve by measuring both swelling and heat production during excitation, (2) analysis of the secretory process in the guinea pig pituitary gland by taking mechanical changes in the gland as an index, (3) studies of the mechanism of synaptic transmission in the cervical sympathetic ganglion of the guinea pig, and (4) demonstration of heat production of an unusually great magnitude evoked in the orthodromically activated olfactory bulb (bullfrog) in association with triphasic mechanical changes (swelling-shrinkage-swelling). All these studies are either already completed or near completion. It was repeatedly demonstrated in these studies that the method of recording non- electrical signs of nerve excitation and of synaptic transmission and inhibition reveals important properties of the nervous system which are inaccessible to conventional electrophysiological methods.