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Bringing Temporality into Political Discourse Analysis

将时间性引入政治话语分析

基本信息

批准号：
ES/W005786/1
负责人：
Rob Faure Walker
金额：
$ 13.79万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FW005786%2F1
关键词：
Bringing Temporality into Political Discourse

项目摘要

Language and politics are intimately connected, with changes to language having dramatic and often unobserved impacts on politics and policymaking. Careful analysis of language reveals that some aspects of language are progressively changed over time. These changes are not always intentional but can have dramatic impacts. An example of this that I have previously explored is how the emergence of'extremism' has resulted in evermore repressive counter-terrorism policies that are not only antidemocratic but may actually be counterproductive by promoting rather than preventing political violence.The Fellowship will allow me to develop and publish a methodology for analysing discursive change over time, with the intention that this will inform better policymaking in the future. Having already published analysis of changes to 'extremism' over time, the Fellowship will enable me to continue this analysis for other aspects of language that my earlier research has indicated may be having an adverse effect on policymaking.The approach to critical discourse analysis (CDA) that I developed in my PhD thesis is informed by Fairclough's Dialectical Relational Approach. As a major development is the addition of a temporal dimension to the analysis, it is referred to as the Temporal Dialectical Relational Approach or TDRA. Understanding that there are mechanisms internal to language itself that have tangible impacts on the world necessitates the study of the ontology of language, so the TDRA is also informed by critical realism. This follows posthumously published proposals made by Bhaskar on how CDA might be informed by critical realism. This was a characteristically prescient observation by Bhaskar and offers the possibility of further analysis that I proposed in my thesis and in publications that I made while I was carrying out my PhD.Studying discursive change over time is necessary to understanding the current political climate that we inhabit, not least as my research has indicated that language has made a major contribution to the political hegemony of neoliberalism under which we now live.Following Laclau and Mouffe, this hegemony is counterproductive to a flourishing political sphere and democracy. By using the TDRA to analyse political discourse, it is hoped that aspects of the discourse that have contributed to this hegemony will be critiqued and that this will contribute to the increased fecundity of our politics, the academy, and democracy more generally.By not being aware of how language has changed we become subject to it and in my PhD research I identified a number of possible avenues for investigation. To name three, 'the market', 'change' and 'globalisation' have all seen an exponential increase in usage over the last half century while they have also tended to become nominalised. That is to say that they have changed their usage from being processes to being entities. This not only depoliticises them but also makes us subject to them. A profound impact of this can be seen in the 2008 credit crunch and subsequent programmes of austerity. Despite an abundance of resources, people have been denied access to them by the market - a process that is only made possible by the market being represented in language as an entity that we are subject to rather than a political process that we control.By combining the close reading of selected political texts with the computer aided analysis of billions of words, the Fellowship will enable me to test the working hypothesis that the nominalisation of certain words has resulted in us becoming subject to a destructive political logic. The act of revealing aspects of this logic that are internal to the language that we use is the first step in releasing us from its grasp and towards a more emancipatory political landscape and a better functioning democracy.

语言和政治密切相关，语言的变化对政治和政策制定产生了戏剧性的，往往是不可观察的影响。对语言的仔细分析表明，语言的某些方面随着时间的推移而逐渐变化。这些变化并不总是故意的，但可能会产生巨大的影响。我以前探讨过的一个例子是，“极端主义”的出现如何导致越来越多的镇压性反恐政策，这些政策不仅是反民主的，而且可能会适得其反，因为它们促进而不是防止政治暴力。该奖学金将使我能够开发和出版一种方法，用于分析随着时间的推移话语变化，目的是为未来更好的决策提供信息。我已经发表了对“极端主义”随时间变化的分析，该奖学金将使我能够继续对语言的其他方面进行分析，这些方面是我早期的研究表明可能对政策制定产生不利影响的。我在博士论文中开发的批评性话语分析（CDA）方法是由Fairclough的辩证关系方法提供的。作为一个主要的发展是增加了一个时间维度的分析，它被称为时间辩证关系的方法或TDED。要理解语言本身的内在机制对世界有着切实的影响，就必须研究语言的本体论，因此，批判实在论也为语言本体论提供了信息。这是在Bhaskar死后发表的关于批判性现实主义如何影响CDA的建议之后。这是Bhaskar的一个典型的有先见之明的观察，并提供了进一步分析的可能性，我在我的论文和出版物中提出，我在进行我的博士研究时，随着时间的推移，话语的变化是必要的，以了解当前的政治气候，我们居住，尤其是我的研究表明，语言对我们现在生活的新自由主义的政治霸权做出了重大贡献。和墨菲，这种霸权是适得其反的繁荣的政治领域和民主。通过使用语言学来分析政治话语，我们希望批评那些导致这种霸权的话语，这将有助于我们的政治、学术和更广泛的民主的多产性。由于没有意识到语言是如何变化的，我们成为它的主体，在我的博士研究中，我确定了一些可能的调查途径。举三个例子，“市场”、“变革”和“全球化”在过去的半个世纪里都出现了指数级的增长，同时它们也倾向于被名词化。也就是说，它们已经改变了它们的用途，从作为过程变为作为实体。这不仅使他们非政治化，而且使我们受制于他们。2008年的信贷紧缩和随后的紧缩计划可以看出这一点的深远影响。尽管资源丰富，但人们却被市场剥夺了获得资源的机会--这一过程之所以成为可能，是因为市场在语言中表现为一个我们受制于的实体，而不是一个我们控制的政治过程。通过将对选定的政治文本的仔细阅读与对数十亿单词的计算机辅助分析相结合，奖学金将使我能够测试工作假设，即某些词的名词化导致我们成为一个破坏性的政治逻辑的主体。揭示我们所使用的语言内在的这种逻辑的各个方面，是使我们摆脱这种逻辑的控制，走向一个更加解放的政治局面和一个更好运作的民主的第一步。