Fostering Household Motivation and Capacity for Transformational Adaptation to Coastal Flooding

大约6.8亿人生活在海拔不到10米的沿海地区（占全球人口的11%）（Oppenheimer et al. 2019）。仅在英格兰，就有37万户家庭位于沿海洪水年风险为0.5%或更高的地区（CCC 2018）。尽管目前正在努力减缓气候变化，但本世纪居住在沿海地区的风险将进一步增加。升温1.5摄氏度，预计相关的平均海平面将上升0.26-0.77米（Hoegh-Guldberg等人，2018），预计居住在沿海地区并面临沿海洪水风险的人数也将增加（Neumann等人，2015）。工程防御是管理英格兰南海岸沿海洪水的有效方法，但由于气候变化导致沿海洪水和侵蚀风险增加，家庭也可能需要调整他们的行动和行为。HM政府和环境署都是沿海适应政策的关键参与者，他们认为家庭有角色和责任（EA 2020； HM政府2020），我的博士研究探讨了家庭如何参与沿海的适应以及他们这样做的动机。“适应”指的是我们作为个人、组织和政府可以采取的行动，以应对环境中实际和预期的变化；“转型适应”不仅提供了应对的可能性，而且还改变了我们社会的本质，并解决了现在的长期挑战。与增量适应相比，转型适应侧重于未来和长期变化，侧重于系统性质的快速和革命性变化，以及从沿海洪水和气候变化等环境挑战中创造新的机会（Suckall et al. 2019）。这个奖学金，“培养家庭对沿海洪水的转型适应的动力和能力”，为我提供了一个令人兴奋的机会，通过学术，政策和面向公众的影响和研究活动，探索英格兰南海岸的转型适应。然而，我们对转型适应的理解仍然模糊且定义不清，并且很少从家庭的角度或社会学学科的角度进行检查。为了探索家庭的转型适应，我将进一步研究适应沿海和气候变化的家庭有什么机会和障碍，并制定一个有竞争力的研究提案，以进一步推进这一研究议程，这对英国及其他地区的适应至关重要。为了实现这一目标，我将通过研讨会、六部分播客系列、访谈和共同制定政策简报，直接与南海岸的政策利益相关者、沿海管理利益相关者和社区团体进行接触。为了为这些行动提供信息，我想提高我对社会学研究理论和方法的理解深度，因为这门学科提供了提出以下问题的方法：家庭在沿海适应决策中的作用是什么；家庭对洪水风险管理责任的性质是什么？“洪水风险负责任的公民”是如何被现行政策框定的？在社会学方法方面获得这些增加的知识和专业知识将支持我进一步的出版，建立我的学术形象，并进一步推动我在家庭尺度上研究沿海适应的职业生涯。

Roughly 680 million people live by the coast on land less than 10 metres above sea level (11% of the global population) (Oppenheimer et al. 2019). In England alone, 370,000 homes are located in areas with a 0.5% or greater annual risk from coastal flooding (CCC 2018). The risks of living in the coastal zone will increase further this century even with the ongoing efforts to mitigate climate change. With 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming, an associated average sea level rise of 0.26-0.77m is predicted (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2018), and the number of people living by the coast and at risk of coastal flooding is also predicted to increase (Neumann et al. 2015). Engineered defences are an effective approach to manage coastal flooding on the South Coast of England, but households may also be expected to adapt their actions and behaviour as climate change drives increased coastal flood and erosion risk. Both HM Government and the Environment Agency, key players in coastal adaptation policy, have suggested they think there is a role and responsibility for households (EA 2020; HM Government 2020), and my PhD research explored how households participate in adaptation on the coast and their motivation to do so. "Adaptation" describes the actions we as individuals, organisations and governments can make to respond to actual and expected changes in the environment; "transformational adaptation" poses the possibility of not just responding, but altering the very nature of our societies and tackling long-term challenges now. Transformational adaptation, in contrast with incremental adaptation, focuses on the future and long-term change, on rapid and revolutionary changes to the nature of a system, and on creating new opportunities from environmental challenges such as coastal flooding and climate change (Suckall et al. 2019).This fellowship, "Fostering Household Motivation and Capacity for Transformational Adaptation to Coastal Flooding", provides me with the exciting opportunity to explore transformational adaptation on the South Coast of England through academic, policy and public facing impact and research activities. However, our understanding of transformational adaptation remains vague and poorly defined, and it has rarely been examined from a household point of view, nor from a sociological disciplinary perspective. To explore transformational adaptation of households, I will conduct further research into what opportunities and barriers there are to households adapting to coastal and climate change, and develop a competitive research proposal to further this research agenda that is crucial for adaptation in the UK and beyond. To achieve this, I will engage directly with policy stakeholders, coastal management stakeholders and community groups on the South Coast through workshops, a 6-part podcast series, interviews, and co-developing a policy brief. To inform these actions, I want to improve my depth of understanding of sociological research theories and methods, as this discipline offers approaches by which to ask questions such as: what is the role of the household in coastal adaptation decision-making; what is the nature of household responsibility to flood risk management; and how is a "flood risk responsible citizen" being framed by current policy? Gaining this increased knowledge and expertise in sociological methods will support further publications, establishing my academic profile, and furthering my career in researching coastal adaptation at the household scale.