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How can we better manage zoonotic disease? Using an ethnography of bovine tuberculosis to confront what disease is and how it is made through practice

我们如何更好地管理人畜共患疾病？

基本信息

批准号：
ES/W006804/1
负责人：
Jessica Phoenix
金额：
$ 13.41万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FW006804%2F1
关键词：
How better manage zoonotic disease

项目摘要

The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the increasing threat and impact of zoonotic disease, defined as those that can cross between animals and people. Whilst COVID-19 is a new example of this, people have been living with zoonotic diseases throughout evolutionary history. Therefore, what lessons can be learned from the management of existing zoonotic disease to inform the management of future ones? My PhD research explored the management of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and I will use this Fellowship to develop key outputs from my PhD on the role of social science in disease management.As with COVID-19, the management of bTB in England is high profile and contentious. Since the 1970s, controversy has developed about the role of badgers in spreading the disease to cattle and how this is managed. This controversy has intensified since 2012 when the Government licenced the shooting of badgers. Policy and research treat the controversy as a result of conflicting perspectives of the disease. My approach defamiliarises the controversy and the disease by exploring what bTB is and how it is made. Through qualitative, ethnographic research I show how policymakers, vets, wildlife groups, anti-cull activists and farmers produce different versions of the disease through practice. These versions raise difficulties and induce pain: the difficulty of defining disease risk; the antagonisms between people killing badgers and people opposing the killing of badgers; and the pain when livestock are killed for 'disease control'. Confronting how controversy arises from mismatches between versions of the disease provides opportunity to make less painful versions of bTB and to improve disease management.My research has direct implications for bTB stakeholders, and provides insights for the management of zoonotic diseases more broadly. My aim for this Fellowship is to extend my research impact into the field of zoonotic disease. To achieve this I will use this Fellowship to:1. Increase the policy and societal impacts of my PhD research by presenting findings at regional bTB groups and publishing an open-access infographic of my research on the 'TB Knowledge Exchange' website. I will also write a policy brief (POSTnote) and host a seminar with government officials to share my findings and consider the role of social science in zoonotic disease management such as avian influenza and swine flu.2. Develop and disseminate my PhD research by publishing five articles in academic journals, and presenting at international conferences on rural geography and bTB. This work will contribute to the fields of multispecies relations and zoonotic disease management, and develop opportunities for collaboration.3. Undertake limited supplementary research. In 2020 there was a policy change to roll out badger vaccination in current badger cull zones. Farmer involvement in badger vaccination is vital for the policy to be rolled out, but at present there is strong resistance to the change. I will undertake research with farmers to explore barriers and enablers to their involvement in vaccination. This research has been designed with a government agency and the National Trust to ensure it meets policy needs.4. Forge an interdisciplinary research agenda related to the management of zoonotic disease. I will bring together researchers from multiple disciplines for a roundtable to explore cross-cutting challenges related to zoonosis management. Subsequently, we will publish a research agenda about how to address these challenges through social sciences, which will inform my future funding applications.5. Develop my academic skills and career as an academic through mentorship and training in digital research methods. To refine my teaching skills, I will deliver two guest lectures on department modules. I will also dedicate time to writing future grant applications.

COVID-19大流行表明人畜共患疾病（定义为可在动物和人之间传播的疾病）的威胁和影响日益增加。虽然COVID-19是这方面的一个新例子，但在整个进化史上，人们一直与人畜共患病共存。因此，可以从现有人畜共患病的管理中吸取哪些经验教训，为今后的管理提供信息？我的博士研究探索了牛结核病（bTB）的管理，我将利用这笔奖学金来发展我的博士学位在疾病管理中的社会科学作用的关键成果。与COVID-19一样，英国bTB的管理备受瞩目，争议不断。自20世纪70年代以来，关于獾在将疾病传播给牛中的作用以及如何管理的争议不断发展。自2012年政府批准射杀獾以来，这一争议加剧。政策和研究将这一争议视为对这一疾病相互冲突的观点的结果。我的方法通过探索bTB是什么以及它是如何产生的来陌生化争议和疾病。通过定性的人种学研究，我展示了政策制定者、兽医、野生动物组织、反扑杀活动家和农民如何通过实践产生不同版本的疾病。这些版本增加了困难并引发了痛苦：定义疾病风险的困难;杀死獾的人和反对杀死獾的人之间的对抗;以及为了“疾病控制”而杀死牲畜时的痛苦。面对争议如何引起的疾病版本之间的不匹配提供了机会，使bTB的痛苦较少的版本，并改善疾病管理。我的研究对bTB的利益相关者有直接的影响，并提供了更广泛的人畜共患病的管理见解。我申请这个奖学金的目的是将我的研究影响扩展到人畜共患病领域。为了实现这一目标，我将使用这个奖学金：1。通过在区域bTB团体展示研究结果并在“TB知识交流”网站上发布我的研究的开放获取信息图，增加我的博士研究的政策和社会影响。我还将撰写一份政策简报（POSTnote），并与政府官员举办一个研讨会，分享我的发现，并考虑社会科学在人畜共患病管理（如禽流感和猪流感）中的作用。通过在学术期刊上发表五篇文章来发展和传播我的博士研究，并在农村地理和bTB的国际会议上发表论文。这项工作将有助于多物种关系和人畜共患病管理领域，并为合作创造机会。进行有限的补充研究。2020年，政策发生变化，在目前的獾扑杀区推出獾疫苗接种。农民参与獾疫苗接种对政策的推出至关重要，但目前对这一变化的抵制很强。我将与农民一起进行研究，探讨他们参与疫苗接种的障碍和促进因素。这项研究是与一个政府机构和国家信托基金一起设计的，以确保它符合政策需要。形成与人畜共患病管理相关的跨学科研究议程。我将召集来自多个学科的研究人员举行圆桌会议，探讨与人畜共患病管理相关的跨领域挑战。随后，我们将发布一份关于如何通过社会科学应对这些挑战的研究议程，这将为我未来的资金申请提供信息。通过数字研究方法的指导和培训，发展我的学术技能和学术生涯。为了提高我的教学技能，我将提供两个部门模块的客座讲座。我也会花时间写未来的补助金申请。