The School Meals Service: Past, Present - And Future?

该项目将探索英国校餐服务(SMS)自1906年成立以来的目标、成就和局限性。通过历史和民族志相结合的方法，它试图发现该服务对学校、社区和学生的影响，以及可以从短信接收者、教师和餐饮工作人员的生活经历中吸取什么教训，无论是现在还是过去。尽管校餐一直是社会政策中一个备受讨论的领域，但在新冠肺炎疫情期间，校餐变得尤为突出。自疫情爆发以来，有资格获得免费学校膳食的儿童比例显著上升(20.8%，即174万儿童，高于2020年1月的17.3%)(DFE，2021年)，在整个危机期间，人们指责英国政府在为学生提供食物方面计划不周，特别是当学校被迫转向主要在线提供食物时(下议院2020；罗布2021)。从短信是英国福利国家的宝贵和有价值的一部分这一立场出发，我们问道，短信的这些问题是由于Covid危机还是长期存在的问题的结果，这些问题需要系统层面的改变才能纠正。坊间证据表明，对短信的不满可以追溯到许多年前。这在21世纪初由名厨杰米·奥利弗领导的反对使用廉价加工食品的运动中可见一斑，比如现在臭名昭著的火鸡麻花卷，以及玛格丽特·撒切尔在20世纪70年代被称为“牛奶抢夺者”的持久声誉(Smith，2010)。我们认为，只有对英国短信服务的历史进行深入、批判性的分析，从政策选择和实施的意图和影响来看，这个问题才能得到解决。根据“可用的过去”的概念框架(Tyack和Customer，1994)，该项目将开展第一次系统的政策和社会历史的短信，从1906年开始到现在，结合一项民族志研究的经验，儿童的学校供餐今天在布拉德福德，伦敦，加的夫和格拉斯哥的四个合作学校。这一历史和当代人种学研究的结合将使人们能够对短信服务目前面临的挑战进行纵向评估。从研究中得出的见解将使项目团队能够向政策制定者和实践者提供关键的、了解历史情况的建议，旨在确保短信服务在英国的未来。

This project will explore the aims, achievements and limitations of the UK School Meals Service (SMS) from its inception in 1906. Through a combination of historical and ethnographic approaches, it seeks to discover the Service's impact on schools, communities and pupils and what lessons may be learned from the lived experiences of SMS recipients, teachers and catering staff, both now and in the past. While always a much-discussed area of social policy, school meals have achieved particular prominence during the Covid-19 pandemic. With a significant rise in the percentage of children eligible for free school meals since the start of the pandemic (20.8% or 1.74 million children up from 17.3% in January 2020) (DFE, 2021), accusations of poorly-planned policy decision making and ad hoc interventions have been levelled at the UK government response to feeding pupils throughout the crisis especially when schools were forced to move to mainly online provision (House of Commons 2020; Lobb 2021). Starting from the position that the SMS is a valuable and valued part of the UK welfare state, we ask whether these problems with the SMS are due to the Covid crisis or rather the result of longstanding issues which require system level changes to correct. Anecdotal evidence indicates that dissatisfaction with the SMS can be traced back many years. It is visible in the campaign led by celebrity chef Jamie Oliver in the early 2000s against the use of cheap processed foods such as the now infamous 'turkey twizzlers' and in the enduring reputation of Margaret Thatcher as the 'milk snatcher' of the 1970s (Smith, 2010). We believe this question can only be addressed with a deep, critical analysis of the history of the SMS in the UK, in terms of both the intention and impact of policy choices and implementation. Drawing on the conceptual framework of a 'usable past' (Tyack and Cuban 1994), this project will conduct the first systematic policy and social history of the SMS from its beginnings in 1906 until the present day, combined with an ethnographic study of the experience of school feeding by children today across four partner schools in Bradford, London, Cardiff and Glasgow. This combination of historical and contemporary ethnographic research will enable a longitudinal assessment of the current challenges facing the SMS. Insights drawn from the research will allow the project team to offer critical, historically-informed recommendations to both policy makers and practitioners designed to secure the future of the SMS in the UK.