GEN-MIGRA: Gender, mobilities and migration during and post COVID-19 pandemic - vulnerability, resilience and renewal

新冠肺炎大流行是一个重大的全球卫生挑战，对跨国移民及其家人造成了严重的经济、社会和后果。对许多移民来说，国际流动是对社会风险和不平等的适应性反应，现有证据表明，女性尤其受到了新冠肺炎危机的重大影响。移徙妇女往往从事受打击最严重的劳动力市场的基本部门，如医疗保健、农业和食品业，这些部门的工资往往很低，而且不稳定。女性移民的行动受到限制，这对她们的护理作用、安全和福祉构成了额外的挑战。基于性别的歧视和暴力，包括在乌克兰战争的背景下，增加了女性移民的另一层脆弱性。封锁、以关闭边境为目的的隔离以及加强警察控制为暴力和剥削行为的增加提供了条件，特别是对那些法律地位不安全或获得资源有限或被迫迁徙的人来说。Gen-Migra是一个跨学科的开创性项目，它将改变我们对性别国际流动进程以及大流行病造成的日益严重的不平等和脆弱性以及最近欧洲战争造成的不平等和脆弱性的认识，并确定恢复的全球解决方案。它将在几个国家开展工作，主要是巴西、英国、德国和波兰，以探索参与国际和国内流动的女性如何面对疫情造成的性别脆弱性。该项目旨在通过采取跨部门、可比较的跨国方法，促进对如何在危机时期克服结构性不平等影响的新的跨国理解。它将对脆弱性和移徙妇女机构在资源调动方面的联系进行理论分析，并帮助我们了解国家政策应对措施对这一群体的影响。Gen-Migra还将与政策制定者、移民团体和普通公众合作，旨在提高政治和公众对移民妇女状况及其社会保护需求的认识。基于对参与国际流动的妇女及其社区和亲属网络的开创性研究，该项目将确定循证解决办法，以便利移徙妇女及其家人获得和获得促进性别平等的政策干预措施和社会保护计划。该项目将采取跨国和比较的方法，以探讨在各国对危机采取不同对策的背景下，这一大流行病的全球性如何影响妇女移徙的跨国流动模式。所采取的分析方法侧重于移民妇女为驾驭危机局势而通过社区网络调动的多重脆弱性、机构和资源。我们的目标是探索移民妇女如何产生抵抗和复兴运动，改变流动决定，在劳动力市场对自己进行战略和重新定位，以及所有这些决定对家庭生活的影响。我们将通过对至少四个在社会保护问题上立场不同的国家的具体情况进行跨国民族志分析来探索这一点，以获取关于国家政策的影响的经验和理论驱动的知识，这些国家政策对移民的社会保护产生了不同的结果，包括帮助移民妇女应对其面临的新的社会风险的有形和无形资源。数据将包括对妇女及其子女和其他留守家庭成员的深入访谈、重点小组、与利益攸关方的访谈、对现有政策的分析以及关于移徙趋势和现有调查的数据集。

The COVID-19 pandemic has represented a major global health challenge with serious economic, social and consequences for migrants and their families transnationally. For many migrants, international mobility is an adaptive response to social risks and inequalities and existing evidence shows that women in particular have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 crisis. Migrant women are often engaged in essential sectors of the labour market that were hardest hit, such as healthcare, agriculture and the food industry, which are often low paid and precarious. Women migrants have had their mobility restricted and this has posed additional challenges to their care roles, safety and well-being. An additional layer of vulnerability for women migrants has been added by gender-based discrimination and violence, including in the context of the Ukraine war. Lockdowns, quarantines as border closures and increasing police control have provided contexts for increased violence and exploitation, especially for those with insecure legal status or limited access to resources or those forced to move. GEN-MIGRA is an interdisciplinary, ground-breaking project that will transform our knowledge about the processes of gendered international mobilities and the increasing inequalities and vulnerabilities created by the pandemic, and more recently war in Europe, as well as identify global solutions for recovery. It will work across several countries, mainly Brazil, UK, Germany and Poland, to explore how women involved in international and internal mobilities have faced gendered vulnerabilities resulting from the pandemic. The project aims to foster new transnational understandings of how to overcome the effects of structural inequalities in times of crisis by adopting an intersectional, comparative, transnational approach. It will theorize the interface between vulnerabilities and migrant women's agency in resource mobilization and help us understand the effects of national policy responses on this group. GEN-MIGRA will also work with policy makers, migrants' groups and the general public, aiming to increase political and public awareness on the situation of migrant women and their social protection needs. Based on ground-breaking research with women engaged in international mobilities and their community and kinship networks, the project will identify evidence-informed solutions to facilitate the availability and accessibility of gender-responsive policy interventions and social protection schemes for migrant women and their families.This project will adopt a transnational and comparative approach in order to explore how the global nature of the pandemic has impacted transnational patterns of mobility for women migrants, in the context of varied national responses to the crisis. The analytical approach adopted focuses on the multiple vulnerabilities, the agency and resources that migrant women have mobilised through community based networks, in order to navigate situations of crisis. Our aim is to explore how migrant women have produced movements of resistance and renewal, changing mobility decisions, strategising and repositioning themselves in the labour market and the implications of all these decisions for family life. We will explore this through a transnational, ethnographic analysis of specific situations in at least four countries with diverse positions regarding social protection, to acquire empirically grounded and theoretically driven knowledge on the impact of national policies that have had a varied outcome for migrants' social protection, including tangible and intangible resources that have helped migrant women to deal with the new social risks they have faced. Data will include in-depth interviews with women and their children and other family members left behind, focus groups, interviews with stakeholders, analysis of existing policy and datasets on migration trends and existing surveys.