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Sentencing and diversity: how do ethnicity and gender impact on the content and outcomes of sentences served in the community?

量刑和多样性：种族和性别如何影响社区服刑的内容和结果？

基本信息

批准号：
ES/X003450/1
负责人：
Angela Julie Sorsby
金额：
$ 6.38万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX003450%2F1
关键词：
Sentencing diversity how do ethnicity

项目摘要

The proposed project will improve our understanding of ethnicity and gender in relation to the requirements of community-based sanctions. Better understanding of these relationships has been identified as crucial by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Probation's thematic inspections in relation to gender and ethnicity. The project will therefore allow for better informed policy development.Equality is not just about treating everyone the same. Equality needs to take account of diversity and inclusivity. Adopting an approach to criminal justice which takes account of the different needs of women and men and the needs of people from different ethnic groups requires data that are disaggregated by gender and ethnicity. The proposed project will use the Data First datasets to examine the relative effectiveness of different requirements of community-based orders - assessed in terms of successful completion and the likelihood of future offending - in relation to ethnicity and gender, while controlling for other variables such as age and offence. Regression analyses will be used to address the following research questions:o Are there differences between ethnic groups and men and women in the number and type of requirements that make up community orders and suspended sentence orders, after controlling for other factors, such as age and severity of offence?o Are some requirements more effective in terms of successful completion and preventing reconviction?o Does the effectiveness of requirements vary by ethnicity and is this the same for men and women?o Does unsuccessful completion due to failure to comply with the requirements of an order increase the likelihood of a custodial sentence for a subsequent offence after termination of the order?o Does the likelihood of a custodial sentence for a subsequent offence after breaching the requirements of an order vary by ethnicity and is this the same for men and women?The use of community sentences has declined considerably over the last decade. Over the same time-period the use of immediate custody has increased. This is concerning because community sentences can divert people from short custodial sentences. They have consistently been found to be superior to short prison sentences in preventing reconviction and are considerably less costly than custody. One of the reasons put forward for the decline of community sentences is a loss of confidence by magistrates that they are an effective alternative to custody and can reduce crime or rehabilitate offenders. Therefore, evidence on which community order requirements are most effective in this regard and for whom could potentially contribute to restoring confidence in their use. The project will examine the extent to which ethnicity and gender differences in successful completion of community-based orders contribute to gender and ethnicity differences in the use of custody. A better understanding of the effectiveness of different order requirements for different groups of people could improve the use of community-based order requirements. This may help to keep people out of prison and reduce disparities between different groups of people in the use of custody, thereby improving fairness and legitimacy within the criminal justice system.Results of the project will be presented in user-friendly reports on the ADR UK website, with an accompanying blog. There will also be a short video animation of the key findings which will be shown at the ESRC Festival of Social Science and will be available on the University of Sheffield's and ADR UK's web pages. In addition the project will generate: a dataset which combines variables from the court, probation and prison datasets with derived variables, such as the number of subsequent convictions, which could be used by other researchers; and an offence severity scale which can be used by other researchers and also policy makers, in for example targeting resources.

拟议的项目将提高我们对族裔和性别与基于社区的制裁要求之间关系的理解。女王陛下缓刑监察局关于性别和种族的专题检查认为，更好地理解这些关系至关重要。因此，该项目将有助于更好地制定知情的政策。平等需要考虑到多样性和包容性。采取一种考虑到妇女和男子的不同需要以及不同族裔群体的需要的刑事司法办法，需要按性别和族裔分列的数据。拟议的项目将使用数据第一数据集来审查基于社区的命令的不同要求的相对有效性-从成功完成和未来犯罪的可能性方面进行评估-与种族和性别有关，同时控制年龄和犯罪等其他变量。回归分析将用于解决以下研究问题：o在控制年龄和犯罪严重程度等其他因素后，族裔群体和男女之间在构成社区令和缓刑令的要求的数量和类型方面是否存在差异？o就成功完成和防止再次定罪而言，某些要求是否更有效？o要求的有效性是否因种族而异，对男子和妇女是否相同？o由于未能遵守命令的要求而未能完成，是否会增加命令终止后因随后的罪行而被判处监禁的可能性？o在违反命令要求后，因随后的犯罪而被判处监禁的可能性是否因种族而异，这对男子和妇女是否相同？在过去十年中，社区判决的使用大大减少。在同一时期，立即拘留的使用有所增加。这是令人关切的，因为社区判决可以使人们从短期监禁判决中转移出来。在防止再次定罪方面，它们一直被认为上级短期徒刑，而且比拘留的费用低得多。提出的社区判决减少的原因之一是治安法官对社区判决是拘留的有效替代办法，可以减少犯罪或改造罪犯失去信心。因此，需要提供证据，说明哪些社区秩序要求在这方面最有效，以及对哪些人来说，这可能有助于恢复对使用这些要求的信心。该项目将审查在成功完成基于社区的命令方面的族裔和性别差异在多大程度上促成了在使用监护方面的性别和族裔差异。更好地了解不同秩序要求对不同人群的有效性，可以改善基于社区的秩序要求的使用。这可能有助于使人们远离监狱，并减少不同群体之间在使用拘留方面的差异，从而提高刑事司法系统的公平性和合法性。还将有一个简短的视频动画的关键调查结果，将显示在社会科学的ESRC节，并将在谢菲尔德的大学和ADR英国的网页上。此外，该项目还将生成：一个数据集，它将来自法院、缓刑和监狱数据集的变量与派生变量（如随后定罪的数量）结合起来，可供其他研究人员使用;以及一个犯罪严重程度量表，可供其他研究人员和决策者使用，例如用于确定资源目标。