TRAVIS: Trust and Visuality: Trust in Everyday Digital Images

21世纪第二个十年的特点是信任和合法性的深刻危机。我们需要恢复信任，为此我们需要更好地理解它。TRAVIS的出发点是，信任对于国家范围内外的社会关系至关重要。虽然现有的工作主要讨论信任作为人与人之间关系的组成部分，但由于我们越来越依赖在线交流，因此对信任的充分理解变得非常复杂，其中意图，承诺甚至其他自主人类的存在都必须从屏幕上展开的表示中推断出来。这些表达方式越来越多地以受算法影响的顺序显示，这些算法旨在最大限度地提高参与度，音量，覆盖范围和声音份额。这些指标并不一定会产生值得信赖的互动，或多方面的公共领域，但往往会放大材料，增加不确定性或根本不能被信任。TRAVIS将研究两个相互关联的领域中的视觉数字信任的实践，这两个领域是信任的日常制定的核心，几乎无处不在的数字化，高度视觉化，并与我们所有人存在相关：健康和新闻。具体来说，我们关注健康新闻和社交媒体健康传播。在疫情持续的过去两年里，他们在信任问题上的核心地位以及这种核心地位的社会影响得到了强调--2019冠状病毒病统计数据的数据可视化、感染率的图表以及重症监护工作者和目睹巨大社会挑战的人的个人故事，都融入了我们的日常媒体。当然，与我们的个人和集体健康体验相关的视觉数字表示已经成为我们生活的核心-我们制作并分享了令人自豪的步计数器截图，关于朋友乳房切除术的悲伤Instagram帖子，关于吸烟的迷因中黑肺的可怕照片。健康环境中的视觉表现有可能影响和告知，纪律和授权我们，个人和集体，在公共和亲密的环境。但是，这些潜力是否以及如何发挥，与信任问题密切相关。我们将通过研究社交媒体上的视觉健康传播和四种不同文化背景下的数字新闻中健康主题的可视化来制定对图像的信任-奥地利，爱沙尼亚，芬兰和英国，从而结合北欧，东欧/后苏联，盎格鲁-撒克逊和日耳曼文化的观点，每个人都有自己的传统和信任规范。我们的三个阶段的项目将使用一系列深入的定性方法：-在我们的研究的第一阶段，我们专注于观众的网站-信任者，以及他们的信任实践，专注于他们如何消费和与健康视觉互动。这使得我们能够深入了解受众对内容创建者（例如机构与影响者）的看法，那些共享和传播内容的人，内容本身的特征，软件和硬件的推断影响。- 在第二阶段，我们将注意力转移到生产现场-受托人，以及他们通过生产和分享健康视觉效果的可信度实践：再次，我们的方法结合了对人类和机构内容生产者的表现，状态，经验和技能的研究。- 最后，在第三阶段，我们将专注于视觉效果及其平台的网站，以了解平台如何构建，企业拥有的结构如何塑造信任实践。我们追踪了这三个阶段的循环模式。我们将与我们的非学术合作者合作，以完善我们的问题，并制定有效的途径来分享我们的研究结果，如何在不同的数字视觉环境中产生不同类型的信任。

The second decade of the 21st century has been characterized by a deep crisis of trust and legitimacy. We need to recuperate trust, and to do so we need to understand it better. TRAVIS starts from the premise that trust is crucial for functioning social relations within and outside of national spheres. Whereas existing work predominantly discusses trust as integral for human-to-human relationships, an adequate understanding of trust is significantly complicated by our increasing reliance on online communication, where the intentions, commitments and even existence of other autonomous humans has to be inferred from representations unfolding on screens. These representations are increasingly shown in sequences influenced by algorithms intended to maximise engagement, volume, reach and share of voice. These metrics do not necessarily yield trustworthy interactions, or a multifaceted public sphere, but tend to amplify material that increases uncertainty or simply cannot be trusted.TRAVIS will study practices of visual digital trust in two interrelated fields that are central to everyday enactments of trust, near ubiquitously digital, heavily visual, and existentially relevant to all of us: health and news. Specifically, we look at health news and social media health communication. Their centrality to questions of trust and the social implications of that centrality has been highlighted in the last two years of the ongoing pandemic - data visualizations of covid-19 statistics, graphics of the infection rates and personal stories by people both working in intensive care and those witnessing the immense societal challenges have merged in our daily media routines. Of course, visual digital representations related to our individual and collective experiences of health were central to our life already before - we produced and shared proud screenshots of step-counters, sad Instagram-posts about a friend's mastectomy, scary pictures of the black lung in the meme about smoking. Visual representations in health contexts have the potential to affect and inform, to discipline and empower us, individually and collectively, in both public and intimate contexts. But if and how these potentials are enacted, is closely related to questions of trust. We will how trust in images is enacted by studying visual health communication on social media and visualization of health topics within digital news in four different cultural contexts - Austria, Estonia, Finland and the UK, thus combining perspectives from Nordic, Eastern-European/Post-Soviet, Anglo-Saxon and Germanic cultures, each with their own traditions and norms of trust. Our three-stage project will use a range of in-depth qualitative methods:- In the first phase of our research, we focus on the site of the audience - the trustors, and their practices of trusting by focusing on how they consume and interact with health visuals. This allows insight into the role of audience perceptions of the content creator (e.g. institutions vs influencers), those sharing and circulating content, the characteristics of the content itself, the inferred impact of software and hardware. - In the second phase, we shift our attention to the site of production - the trustees, and their practices of trustworthiness through the production and sharing of health visuals: again, our approach incorporates study of the performance, statuses, experiences and skills of human and institutional content producers. - Finally, in the third phase, we will focus on the site of the visuals and their platforms, in order to understand how the platforms as built, corporately owned structures shape trust practices. We trace circulation patterns in all three phases. We will work with our non-academic collaborators to refine our questions and to develop effective pathways to sharing our findings about how to engender different kinds of trust in different digital visual contexts.