Picking, packing and plucking: International Migration in the post Brexit world

这一奖学金有宏观和微观两个层面。在宏观层面上，我将在更广泛的背景下，从英国在世贸组织(关贸总协定和关贸总协定)、贸易与合作协议(TCA)以及未来贸易协定(如CPTPP)下的国际义务的角度来看待移民问题。这只是英国退欧后复杂格局的一部分，包括通过《2020年英国国内市场法》重塑英国的内部关系，北爱尔兰的独特地位，苏格兰独立公投法案的影响，以及重新平衡立法、行政和法院之间的关系，所有这些都需要法律分析和投入。在微观层面，我希望针对一个长期被忽视的边缘化社区审视移民/工人保护边界。因此，这项提案着眼于劳动力迁移对英格兰东部的影响。欧盟移民主要在田里和食品加工厂工作--做三个P(采摘、包装和采摘)。他们的生活和工作条件很差，他们没有很好地融入当地社区。英国退欧后，通过英国新的季节性工人试点计划，该地区非欧盟农场工人的数量也大幅增加，比如来自乌克兰和哈萨克斯坦的工人。新冠肺炎强调并加剧了现有的健康不平等，尤其是那些面临早产的人，即在该地区农场和工厂工作的“关键工人”。与当地的移民咨询慈善机构合作，我想绘制这些移民工人随着时间的推移的生活经历：他们在英国退欧前抵达英国，他们在欧盟和解计划中的经历，以及他们在英国退欧后的生活机会。我们将专门关注大雅茅斯的欧盟移民工人的情况(作为一个案例研究区域)。大雅茅斯是一个衰落的海滨小镇，脱欧票数在英国排名第五，在伦敦以外的地区是人均欧盟移民人数最多的城市，包括对欧盟黑人移民工人的影响。我还想追踪当地社区对这些相对新来的人的反应，以及政府提升议程后对该镇投资的反应。因此，这项提议有助于法律地理学领域的发展：了解法律，特别是欧盟法律，现在是《退出协议》的法律对一个特定的弱势社区的影响。我还对欧盟移民如何行使他们的权利感兴趣。该项目将建立在我们最近的试点工作的基础上，我们称之为‘实用法律’(Barnard等人，2022)，将来自大雅茅斯的证据库扩大到英格兰东部地区。“实践法”着眼于街头层面，由慈善咨询中心提供务实(合法)的问题解决方案，在公认的咨询沙漠地区(如英格兰东部)开展业务，并与被边缘化的移民社区合作，尤其是女性(我们迄今的研究表明，获得此类免费咨询的人存在性别差异)。具体地说，我希望研究早期建议在帮助人们解决他们的可由法院审理的问题方面所起的作用，而不需要与更正式的纠纷解决途径，如ADR(替代纠纷解决)或法院途径互动。我的工作还考察了个人正在经历“问题聚集”的程度(Genn，1999)，以及传统的法律问题解决途径如何不适用于债务、就业、移民和住房问题等交叉和聚集的问题。帮助个人以整体的方式解决群集性问题，是一种(法律)解决问题的未被充分认识和分析不足的方法。

This fellowship has a macro and a micro level dimension.At the macro-level I shall look at migration in the broader context of the UK's international obligations under the WTO (GATT and GATS), under the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), and in respect of future trade agreements such as CPTPP. This is just one part of the complex post Brexit landscape which has involved a reshaping of the UK's internal relationships via the UK Internal market Act 2020, the unique position of Northern Ireland, the implications of the Scottish Independence Referendum Bill, and a rebalancing of the relationships between the legislature, executive and the courts, all of which requires legal analysis and input.At the micro level I wish to examine the immigration/worker protection boundary, in respect of a marginalised community which has long been overlooked. This proposal therefore looks at the impact of labour migration on the East of England. EU migrants largely work in the fields and in food processing factories - doing the three Ps ('Picking, packing and plucking'). Their living and working conditions are poor and they are not well integrated into the local community. Post Brexit, the region has also seen a sharp increase in non-EU farm workers such as those from Ukraine and Kazakhstan, through the UK's new seasonal workers pilot scheme. COVID-19 has highlighted and intensified existing health inequalities, particularly experienced by those facing precarity, namely 'key workers' working in farms and factories in the region. Working with local migrant advice charities, I want to map the lived experience of these migrant workers over time: their arrival pre-Brexit, their experience with the EU Settlement Scheme, and their life chances post Brexit. We shall be looking (as a case study area) specifically at the situation of EU migrant workers in Great Yarmouth, a declining seaside town with the fifth highest leave vote in the UK and the highest number of EU migrants per capita outside London, including the impact on black EU migrant workers. I also want to track the reactions of the local community to these relative new arrivals and to the investment in the town as a result of the government's levelling up agenda. The proposal therefore contributes to the evolving field of legal geography: understanding the impact of law, especially EU law and now the law of the Withdrawal Agreement, on one particular disadvantaged neighbourhood.I am also interested in how EU migrants enforce their rights. This project will build on our recent pilot work on what we call 'pragmatic law' (Barnard et al 2022), expanding the evidence base from Great Yarmouth across the Eastern region of England. 'Pragmatic law' looks at street level, pragmatic (legal) problem resolution offered by charitable advice centres, operating in recognised advice deserts (such as the east of England) and working with marginalised migrant communities, especially women (our research to date shows the gendered reality of those accessing this type of free advice). Specifically, I wish to examine the role of early advice in helping people resolve their justiciable issues without needing to interact with more formal dispute resolution pathways such as ADR (alternative dispute resolution) or court pathways. My work also examines the extent to which individuals are experiencing 'problem clustering' (Genn, 1999) and how traditional legal problem resolution pathways are unsuitable for such intersectional and clustered issues such as debt, employment, immigration and housing problems. Helping individuals to address clustered issues in a holistic way is an under-recognised and under-analysed approach to (legal) problem resolution.