Capital, Class, and Crisis in Resource-Rich Countries: Rethinking the Transformation of the Post-Soviet Space in the Age of Climate Change

资源丰富国家的资本、阶级和危机:重新思考气候变化时代后苏联空间的转型

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    ES/X006069/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 12.79万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2022 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The effects of climate change around the globe are receiving increasing attention in the media, and the post-Soviet space is no exception, as news about Siberia's 'zombie fires' and Central Asia's 2021 summer drought confirm. However, while it is widely acknowledged that the post-Soviet space mostly contributes raw materials to the global economy, beyond the 'resource curse' (Luong and Weinthal, 2010) surprisingly little has been written on the link between this form of production and the region's transformation since 1991, particularly given the direct link between extractivism and climate change. This is especially true of Uzbekistan, one of the least studied and understood post-Soviet countries (Pomfret 2000), and the case study of this project.The Fellowship would allow me to rework my PhD thesis into a monograph and a journal article, advancing a novel interdisciplinary and intersectional approach that contributes to a critical understanding of the linkages between economic change and the climate crisis in the post-Soviet space, specifically in Uzbekistan. This would bring the disciplines of political economy and development studies into dialogue with postsocialist area studies, as well as gender, migration, and environmental studies. Moreover, I would develop a new project that investigates the links between Russia's extractivist economy and its transformation in 1991-2021, looking at issues of labour, gender, and climate change. The resources and expertise available at The University of Manchester (Dr Charnock) and within the NWSS DTP (e.g. Dr Penati, Liverpool; Dr Wyman, Keele) would be crucial to achieve both goals. Through the project, I would expand my networks in and beyond anglophone academia and present my findings in video, audio, and written media formats in English and Russian for maximum reach and impact.Since the 1990s, the debate on the post-Soviet space has largely failed to explain the intersecting dynamics of change and climate crisis in the region. As the literature focusses on the lack of, or incomplete, 'transition' from Soviet communism to Western capitalism in the post-Soviet countries, it ends up being stuck in a 'paradox' of no transition and transformation (Trevisani, 2009; Ahrens and Hoen, 2012; Pomfret, 2019). Put differently, how can one explain the collapse in living standards for the general population and its relation to the climate crisis across a region that, in essence, has changed little since Soviet times?Moving beyond the literature's 'paradox', the project links the gendered precarisation of labour to the extraction of raw materials and, in turn, to dynamics of vulnerability and resistance to climate change. I start from the locus of primary commodity production: land. As access to land in the region was privatised to put it to use for primary commodity production for export, large peasant populations lost their main source of livelihood at a time when Soviet industry was disintegrating in the face of foreign competition. With the latter unable to absorb most of the people moving to the cities in search of employment, widespread precarisation ensued.My argument is threefold. First, land decollectivisation in Uzbekistan gave rise to precarious forms of informal employment, including via mass (male) labour migration especially to Russia. Second, precarisation exhibited clear gendered characteristics, as 'left behind' women swelled the growing informal markets as daily and seasonal labourers, while tending to subsistence agriculture in small family plots to guarantee the reproduction of their households. Third, the continuation of land use for the production of raw materials for export increasingly depletes resources (soil fertility, water) vital to subsistence food production. As such, women have been more vulnerable to climate change and at the forefront of day-to-day resistance to it via e.g. work-sharing and agroecology for biodiversity conservation.
气候变化对地球仪的影响越来越受到媒体的关注,后苏联时代也不例外,西伯利亚的“僵尸大火”和中亚2021年夏季干旱的新闻证实了这一点。然而,尽管人们普遍认为后苏联空间主要为全球经济贡献原材料,但除了“资源诅咒”(Luong和Weinthal,2010年)之外,令人惊讶的是,自1991年以来,这种生产形式与该地区的转型之间的联系很少被写入,特别是考虑到采掘主义与气候变化之间的直接联系。乌兹别克斯坦尤其如此,它是最不被研究和了解的后苏联国家之一(Pomfret 2000),以及这个项目的案例研究。奖学金将允许我将我的博士论文修改成专著和期刊文章,推进一种新的跨学科和跨部门的方法,有助于批判性地理解后经济时代经济变化与气候危机之间的联系,苏联的太空,特别是在乌兹别克斯坦。这将使政治经济学和发展研究学科与后社会主义地区研究以及性别、移民和环境研究进行对话。此外,我将开发一个新项目,调查俄罗斯的采掘经济与1991-2021年的转型之间的联系,研究劳动力,性别和气候变化问题。曼彻斯特大学(Charnock博士)和NWSS DTP内部(例如Penati博士,利物浦; Wyman博士,基尔)的资源和专业知识对于实现这两个目标至关重要。通过这个项目,我将扩大我在英语学术界内外的网络,并以英语和俄语的视频、音频和书面媒体形式展示我的发现,以获得最大的影响力和影响力。自20世纪90年代以来,关于后苏联空间的辩论在很大程度上未能解释该地区变化和气候危机的交叉动态。由于文献集中在后苏联国家从苏联共产主义到西方资本主义的“过渡”缺乏或不完整,因此最终陷入了没有过渡和转型的“悖论”(Trevisani,2009; Ahrens和Hoen,2012; Pomfret,2019)。换句话说,人们如何解释普通民众生活水平的崩溃及其与整个地区气候危机的关系?超越文献的“悖论”,该项目将劳动力的性别化与原材料的提取联系起来,反过来又与脆弱性和抵抗气候变化的动态联系起来。我从初级商品生产的轨迹开始:土地。由于该地区的土地被私有化,用于生产出口初级商品,在苏联工业面临外国竞争而解体之际,大量农民失去了主要的生计来源。由于后者无法吸收大部分到城市寻找工作的人,随之而来的是广泛的预钙化。首先,乌兹别克斯坦的土地非集体化造成了不稳定的非正规就业形式,包括大量(男性)劳动力移徙,特别是移徙到俄罗斯。第二,未实现农业化表现出明显的性别特征,因为“留守”妇女作为日工和季节工在不断扩大的非正规市场中壮大,同时倾向于在小块家庭土地上从事自给农业,以保证家庭的繁衍。第三,继续将土地用于生产出口原材料,日益消耗对维持生计的粮食生产至关重要的资源(土壤肥力、水)。因此,妇女更容易受到气候变化的影响,并通过分担工作和保护生物多样性的生态农业等方式,站在日常抵制气候变化的最前线。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(4)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Introduction to the Special Issue Precarious Labor, Capitalist Transformation, and the State: Insights from Central Asia
特刊简介:不稳定的劳动力、资本主义转型和国家:来自中亚的见解
Klimat. Russia in the Age of Climate Change Thane Gustafson, Cambridge, MA & London: Harvard University Press, 2021, ix + 312pp., £31.95/$39.95 h/b.
克里马特。
  • DOI:
    10.1080/09668136.2023.2224172
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.4
  • 作者:
    Galdini F
  • 通讯作者:
    Galdini F
The transformation of resource-rich countries in the International Division of Labour: 'backward' industrialisation and relative surplus population in Uzbekistan
国际分工中资源丰富国家的转型:乌兹别克斯坦工业化“落后”与人口相对过剩
  • DOI:
    10.1080/13563467.2023.2237903
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.2
  • 作者:
    Galdini F
  • 通讯作者:
    Galdini F
Rise of the Surplus Population? Land Decollectivization, Class Stratification, and Labor Precarization in Uzbekistan
剩余人口的增加?
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Franco Galdini其他文献

‘Backward’ industrialisation in resource-rich countries: The car industry in Uzbekistan
资源丰富国家的“落后”工业化:乌兹别克斯坦的汽车工业
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Franco Galdini
  • 通讯作者:
    Franco Galdini

Franco Galdini的其他文献

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